Flavonoid Analyses and Antimicrobial Activity of Various Parts of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl Fruit

Abstract

Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl (Thymelaceae) is commonly known as ‘Crown of God’, ‘Mahkota Dewa’, and ‘Pau’. It originates from Papua Island, Indonesia and it grows in tropical areas. Empirically, it is potent in treating the hypertensive, diabetic, cancer and diuretic patients. It has a long history of ethnopharmacological usage, and the lack of information about its biological activities led us to investigate the possible biological activities by characterisation of flavonoids and antimicrobial activity of various part of P. macrocarpa against pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The results showed that kaempferol, myricetin, naringin, and rutin were the major flavonoids present in the pericarp while naringin and quercetin were found in the mesocarp and seed. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of different parts of P. macrocarpa fruit showed a weak ability to moderate antibacterial activity against pathogenic tested bacteria (inhibition range: 0.93–2.17 cm) at concentration of 0.3 mg/disc. The anti fungi activity was only found in seed extract against Aspergillus niger (1.87 cm) at concentration of 0.3 mg/well. From the results obtained, P. macrocarpa fruit could be considered as a natural antimicrobial source due to the presence of flavonoid compounds.

The Effect of Mahkota Dewa (Phaleria Macrocarpa) (Scheff.) Fruit Pericarp Extract on Inos in Mice Colon Intermittently-Induced by Dextran Sodium Sulfate

“…All dose of P. macrocarpa pericarp extract can decreased inflammation; this result strengthens the evidence of anti-inflammatory activity from previous in vitro studies in which flavonoid content inhibit 63.4 % NO production and classified as potentially moderate antiinflammation [10,19]. Flavonoid apparently working through several mechanisms includes antioxidative effect, direct free radicals scavenger, immobilization leukocyte, and interaction with enzyme system.…”

Phytochemical and HPTLC Studies on Fruit Extracts of Momordica cymbalaria Fenzl, a Medicinally Important Plant

“…Saponins cause the leakage of proteins and degradation of cell wall enzymes (Zablotowicz et al, 1996). The presence of phenolic compounds (total phenols and flavonoids) provides pharmacological activities like anticancer (Lin et al, 2008), antioxidant (Khacha-ananda et al, 2013), antimicrobial (Hendra et al, 2011), woundhealing (Nayak and Pinto Pereira, 2006) and antiinflammatory activities (Rathee et al, 2009). Alkaloids were detected in the fruit extracts of M. cymbalaria.…”

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“…[16][17][18][19][20] . The overall anti-microbial activity of these fruits can be ascribed with the presence of flavonoids and phenolic substances present as bioactive constituent, while the mechanism of their anti-microbial activity have been proposed due to inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis, cytoplasmic membrane function, or energy metabolism [21][22][23][24] .…”