“…Statistical analysis indicated that TPC and TFC of EE were significantly higher ( p < 0.01) than that of WE. Plant polyphenols and flavonoids have been widely used in various medicines and food products due to their wide range of pharmacological activities, such as antioxidants, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antiviral, antiatherosclerotic, antispasmodic, and enzyme inhibitory activities ( Fraga, 2010 ; Agrawal, 2011 ; Murti and Sharma, 2017 ). The H. flavum rhizome WE and EE exhibited high TPC and TFC values, which can be used as a rich source of phenolics and flavonoids.…”
cholinesterase. Based on the current results, H. flavum could be considered as a source of bioactive compounds and has high exploitation potential in the cosmetics, food, and pharmaceutical industries.
“…Statistical analysis indicated that TPC and TFC of EE were significantly higher ( p < 0.01) than that of WE. Plant polyphenols and flavonoids have been widely used in various medicines and food products due to their wide range of pharmacological activities, such as antioxidants, antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, antiviral, antiatherosclerotic, antispasmodic, and enzyme inhibitory activities ( Fraga, 2010 ; Agrawal, 2011 ; Murti and Sharma, 2017 ). The H. flavum rhizome WE and EE exhibited high TPC and TFC values, which can be used as a rich source of phenolics and flavonoids.…”
cholinesterase. Based on the current results, H. flavum could be considered as a source of bioactive compounds and has high exploitation potential in the cosmetics, food, and pharmaceutical industries.
“…comprises polysaccharides (mucilaginous), condensed tannins, flavonoids, quercetin glycosides (rutin, quercitrin, and isoquercitrin), kaempferol glycosides and phenolic acids (caffeic, p-coumaric, and chlorogenic acids) [38]. Flavanoid content of Tilia cordata (hyperoside, tiliroside) has several pharmacological activities, such as antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities [39]. Although Tilia cordata has not been evaluated clinically for symptomatic relief of flu symptoms, this medicinal plant may be beneficial in relieving respiratory symptoms due to its anti-inflammatory activity [40].…”
The Coronavirus disease 2019 , caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), has led to unprecedented challenges for human life. During this pandemic, Turkish people have used various herbal remedies for both the prevention of Covid-19 and the alleviate of its symptoms. The present study aimed to investigate the herbal remedies used to prevent Covid-19 in Turkey and to determine whether the usage of herbal remedies was associated with sociodemographic properties. A cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire was conducted between November and December 2020. A total of 871 individuals (15 years of age or older) who lived in various provinces of Turkey participated in this study. Analysis was made in SPSS version 26.0 software using the descriptive statistics and appropriate tests of statistical significance for the comparisons. About 54.4% (n = 474) of the participants reported that they have used herbal remedies during the pandemic period. We identified a total of 45 plant species, the most frequently cited were ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe), linden (Tilia spp.), elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.), sage (Salvia spp.), and rosehip (Rosa canina L.), respectively. It has been found that the usage of herbal remedies was associated with several demographic variables. A considerable proportion of the participants reported the use of herbal remedies in order to prevent disease. This paper demonstrated the potential herbal remedies that can be used against Covid-19. Further research should be carried out to evaluate the efficacy of these medicinal plants and should control the flow of misleading information.
“…Pharmacological investigations showed that A. officinalis possess anti-complement, anti-inflammatory, antitussive, antioxidant and hypoglycemic effects while T. cordata possess anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant activities. 16,23 Gutiérrez et al, 21 and Anand et al, 24 reported that P. guaja are effective as antioxidant, hepatoprotection, anti-allergy, antimicrobial, antigenotoxic, antiplasmodial, cytotoxic, antispasmodic, cardioactive, anticough, antidiabetic, antiinflamatory and antinociceptive agent. Therefore, this study was designed to examine the inhibitory effect of the flowers from A. officinalis, leaves from T. cordata and P. guaja individually as well as in combination as a formula against pathogens that caused respiratory infections.…”
The plants, Althaea officinalis, Tilia cordata and Psidium guaja have been used traditionally to treat respiratory infection symptoms. Flowers of A. officinalis and leaves of T. cordata and P. guaja have been used to treat cough, sore throat, catarrh, oral and pharyngeal mucosa irritation. Therefore, this study was designed to examine the antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of these plants individually as well as in combination, as a formula against respiratory infections causing pathogens. The tested pathogens were Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase producing Escherichia coli (ESBL), Beta-Lactamase producing Escherichia coli (BL), Beta-Lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (BL), Beta-Lactamase producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa (BL), Enterobacter cloacae, and Beta-Lactamase producing Staphylococcus aureus (BL). The tested plants were extracted using ethanol and then fractionated using different polarity solvents (hexane, ethyl acetate and water). Disc diffusion and microdilution (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) methods were used to evaluate the antibacterial activity while the antibiofilm activity was tested using crystal violet assay. The results showed that A. officinalis and T. cordata extracts and fractions exhibited weak antibacterial activity having MIC values ranged from 6.25 to 12.5 mg/mL. P. guaja exhibited moderate antibacterial activity with MIC values ranged from 6.25 to 1.56 mg/mL. Combination between these plants extracts and fractions in equal proportion provides stronger antibacterial (with MIC values ranged from 6.25 to 0.8 mg/mL) and antibiofilm activities (MBIC50 was 0.2 mg/mL). Therefore, this study provides a valuable scientific knowledge to support the use of plants in combination rather than individually.
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