Flavobacterium frigidarium sp. nov., an aerobic, psychrophilic, xylanolytic and laminarinolytic bacterium from Antarctica.

Abstract

A psychrophilic, aerobic bacterium designated A2iT was isolated from marine sediment recovered from shallow waters surrounding Adelaide Island, Antarctica (67S 34' S, 68S 07' W). The organism exhibited xylanolytic and laminarinolytic activity and was halotolerant. Basic characterization showed that it was Gram-negative, non-motile, yellow-pigmented ( β,β-carotene-3,3'-diol) and positive for oxidase and catalase synthesis. Analysis of the 16S rDNA sequence suggests that the organism belongs to the Flexibacter-Cytophaga-Bacteroides phylum. On the basis of its 16S rDNA sequence, the bacterium is 968 % similar to Flavobacterium columnare ATCC 43622 -its closest relation. The genomic DNA GMC content was 35 mol %. Growth on xylan occurs optimally at 15 SC, though growth also occurs at 0 SC, and the doubling times are 96 and 348 h, respectively. The maximum growth temperature on xylan is at 24 SC. The bacterium is a neutrophile, growing across the pH range 56-84 and having an optimum at pH 75. Analysis of the 16S rDNA sequence, together with phenotypic characterization, suggests that the organism is a member of the genus Flavobacterium. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments have shown that it is a novel species ; it is proposed, therefore, that the organism be designated as the type strain of Flavobacterium frigidarium sp. nov. (l ATCC 700810 T l NCIMB 13737 T ).

Distribution of two triamines, spermidine and homospermidine, and an aromatic amine, 2-phenylethylamine, within the phylum Bacteroidetes

“…Therefore, distribution of this aromatic amine was newly analyzed within the 71 species (111 strains), except for the species located in the class Bacteroides, in which 2-phenylethylamine had not been determined (Hamana and Nakagawa, 2001a, b). Furthermore polyamines of 6 newly validated species (7 strains) belonging to the two new genera Zobellia (Barbeyron et al, 2001) and Tenacibaculum (Suzuki et al, 2001) and new three psychrophilic Flavobacterium species (Humphry et al, 2001;Tamaki et al, 2003;Zhu et al, 2003) of the family Flavobacteriaceae, and a species of the genus Dyadobacter (Chelius and Triplett, 2000) of the family Flexibacteraceae were analyzed.…”

The Membrane-Bound α-Glucuronidase from Pseudomonas cellulosa Hydrolyzes 4- O- Methyl- d -Glucuronoxylooligosaccharides but Not 4- O- Methyl- d -Glucuronoxylan

“…The primary structures of plant cell wall hydrolases from P. cellulosa and C. mixtus are very similar (9,13,19), suggesting that there is an evolutionary link between these two prokaryotes. To investigate this possible relationship, the 16S rRNA genes of the two organisms were amplified by PCR by using primers which bind to the 5Ј and 3Ј ends of eubacterial 16S ribosomal DNA (15), and the genes were sequenced. The data showed that the two sequences exhibited 95% sequence identity, indicating that the two bacteria could be classified in the same genus but are different species.…”

Diversity and Physiological Characteristics of Culturable Bacteria from Marine Sediments of Ross Sea, Antarctica

“…The strains of the genus Flavobacterium are known for their specialized roles in the uptake and degradation of the high-molecular-mass fraction of dissolved organic matter and in remineralization processes, both in freshwater and in marine ecosystems (McCammon and Bowman, 2000). They have been frequently reported in oligotrophic and eutrophic Antarctic freshwater, terrestrial samples, and marine sediments, suggesting their wide diffusion in Antarctica and their ecological roles in macromolecule hydrolysis (McCammon et al, 1998;McCammon and Bowman, 2000;Humphry et al, 2001;Van Trappen et al, 2003Yi et al, 2005;Yi and Chun, 2006;Michaud et al, 2012).…”