Flavanol-Enriched Cocoa Powder Alters the Intestinal Microbiota, Tissue and Fluid Metabolite Profiles, and Intestinal Gene Expression in Pigs

Jang, Saebyeol; Sun, Jianghao; Chen, Pei; Lakshman, Sukla; Molokin, Aleksey; Harnly, James M.; Vinyard, Bryan T.; Urban, Joseph F.; Davis, Cindy D.; Solano‐Aguilar, Gloria

doi:10.3945/jn.115.222968

Cited by 69 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 49 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Thus, these findings indicate that flavanol‐rich cocoa powder contributes to gut health through modulation of the colon microbiota composition and reducing expression of inflammatory genes in the intestine. In agreement with the modulation of intestinal microbial populations by polyphenol‐rich diets in pigs (Fiesel et al., ; Jang et al., ), a very recent study from Magistrelli et al. () found that feeding cocoa husk meal (75 g/kg diet), a polyphenol‐rich waste from agroindustry representing the integuments of the cocoa beans, to male pigs for 3 weeks increased faecal abundance of Bacteroides–Prevotella and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii .…”

Section: Effects Of Polyphenols On Oxidative Stress and Inflammation supporting

confidence: 53%

“…In the context of the above‐mentioned study from Jang et al. (), this possibly indicates that the anti‐inflammatory effects of the monomeric compounds in cocoa powder dominated over the proinflammatory actions of procyanidins. Performance data were not shown in this study, but the authors stated that body weights were not influenced.…”

Section: Effects Of Polyphenols On Oxidative Stress and Inflammation mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…A very recent study from Jang et al. () reported that feeding different doses of cocoa powder (2.5, 10 and 20 g) containing 51, 205 and 410 mg flavanols, respectively, to pigs for 4 weeks decreased gene expression of TNF‐α and Toll‐like receptors ‐2, ‐4 and ‐9 in the ileal Peyer′s patches, mesenteric lymph nodes and the proximal colon. Interestingly, it has been shown in in vitro studies that the antiinflammatory potential of cocoa polyphenols is attributed mainly to the monomeric compounds, such as catechin and epicatechin, whereas the intermediate or large‐sized oligomers, the procyanidins, which are also abundant in cocoa powder, have proinflammatory activities as evidenced by an increased secretion of TNF‐α from macrophages (Mao et al., ; Park et al., ).…”

Section: Effects Of Polyphenols On Oxidative Stress and Inflammation mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Potential of plant polyphenols to combat oxidative stress and inflammatory processes in farm animals

Geßner

Ringseis

Eder

2016

Animal Physiology Nutrition

235

174

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Polyphenols are secondary plant metabolites which have been shown to exert antioxidative and antiinflamma tory effects in cell culture, rodent and human studies. Based on the fact that conditions of oxidative stress and inflammation are highly relevant in farm animals, polyphenols are considered as promising feed additives in the nutrition of farm animals. However, in contrast to many studies existing with model animals and humans, potential antioxidative and antiinflammatory effects of polyphenols have been less investigated in farm animals so far. This review aims to give an overview about potential antioxidative and antiinflammatory effects in farm animals. The first part of the review highlights the occurrence and the consequences of oxidative stress and inflammation on animal health and performance. The second part of the review deals with bioavailability and metabolism of polyphenols in farm animals. The third and main part of the review presents an overview of the findings from studies which investigated the effects of polyphenols of various plant sources in pigs, poultry and cattle, with particular consideration of effects on the antioxidant system and inflammation.

show abstract

Section: Effects Of Polyphenols On Oxidative Stress and Inflammation supporting

confidence: 53%

Section: Effects Of Polyphenols On Oxidative Stress and Inflammation mentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Effects Of Polyphenols On Oxidative Stress and Inflammation mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Potential of plant polyphenols to combat oxidative stress and inflammatory processes in farm animals

Geßner

Ringseis

Eder

2016

Animal Physiology Nutrition

235

174

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Consumption of cocoa-derived flavanols has a prebiotic effect that stimulates the growth of beneficial Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus species while inhibiting potentially pathogenic bacteria in healthy humans (Tzounis et al, 2011). Consumption of cocoa powder by pigs reduced TLR9 gene expression in ileal Peyer's patches and mesenteric lymph nodes, demonstrating that cocoa powder can contribute to gut health by modulating markers of localized intestinal immunity (Jang et al, 2016).…”

Section: High Doses Of Probiotics and Prebiotics Can Benefit Hostsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota and Dose Response: Evolving Paradigm of Health Triangle

Coleman¹,

Elkins²,

Gutting

et al. 2018

Risk Analysis

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SRA Dose-Response and Microbial Risk Analysis Specialty Groups jointly sponsored symposia that addressed the intersections between the "microbiome revolution" and dose response. Invited speakers presented on innovations and advances in gut and nasal microbiota (normal microbial communities) in the first decade after the Human Microbiome Project began. The microbiota and their metabolites are now known to influence health and disease directly and indirectly, through modulation of innate and adaptive immune systems and barrier function. Disruption of healthy microbiota is often associated with changes in abundance and diversity of core microbial species (dysbiosis), caused by stressors including antibiotics, chemotherapy, and disease. Nucleic-acid-based metagenomic methods demonstrated that the dysbiotic host microbiota no longer provide normal colonization resistance to pathogens, a critical component of innate immunity of the superorganism. Diverse pathogens, probiotics, and prebiotics were considered in human and animal models (in vivo and in vitro). Discussion included approaches for design of future microbial dose-response studies to account for the presence of the indigenous microbiota that provide normal colonization resistance, and the absence of the protective microbiota in dysbiosis. As NextGen risk analysis methodology advances with the "microbiome revolution," a proposed new framework, the Health Triangle, may replace the old paradigm based on the Disease Triangle (focused on host, pathogen, and environment) and germophobia. Collaborative experimental designs are needed for testing hypotheses about causality in dose-response relationships for pathogens present in our environments that clearly compete in complex ecosystems with thousands of bacterial species dominating the healthy superorganism.

show abstract

“…Nevertheless, there was a increased Bidifubacterium genus (9 fold, P = 0.01) in the contents of the proximal colon. 30 In addition to changes related to microbiota modulation, a study performed with male C5BL / 6 mice randomized into high fat (HF) diet, HF diet with 8% cocoa powder and low fat (LF) diet groups followed for 18 weeks, observed a metabolic endotoxemia improvement, as well as intestinal function, by increased glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) plasma levels in HF diet group (8% cacao powder), when compared with HF and HF /LF diet groups, respectively. 31 Another study, male Sprague Dawley rats was randomized in 3 groups : standard diet, standard diet supplemented with 10% of dark chocolate and standard diet supplemented with 10% of dark chocolate presenting "fat bloom" (whitish layer formed on the surface due to lipid oxidation) for 6 weeks.…”

Section: Animal Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dark Polyphenols-Rich Chocolate and Gut Microbiota: A Literature Review

Oliveira

Dolinsky

Barroso

et al. 2017

DEMETRA

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dark chocolate has been widely used in research due to its beneficial effects in a variety of organ systems and antioxidant capacity in function of polyphenol content derived from cocoa (Theobroma cacao). There is strong evidence that life stress impacts directly on gastrointestinal function in animals and humans via modulation of key physiological parameters, such as intestinal permeability and secretion and release of biological mediators. Changes of gastrointestinal functional ecology are intimately linked to microbial populations and activities, and abnormal microbiota composition is often observed in the development of irritable bowel syndromes. Studies show that dark chocolate plays a role in various human diseases, which can be by modulation of intestinal microbial species as demonstrated in recent studies published. This study aimed to evaluate research on dark chocolate intake effects on intestinal microbiota through scientific literature, focusing on reciprocal interactions between the intestinal microbiota and polyphenols, mechanisms of action and the consequences of these interactions on human health.

show abstract

Flavanol-Enriched Cocoa Powder Alters the Intestinal Microbiota, Tissue and Fluid Metabolite Profiles, and Intestinal Gene Expression in Pigs

Abstract: This study demonstrates that consumption of cocoa powder by pigs can contribute to gut health by enhancing the abundance ofLactobacillusandBifidobacteriumspecies and modulating markers of localized intestinal immunity.

Cited by 69 publications

References 49 publications

Potential of plant polyphenols to combat oxidative stress and inflammatory processes in farm animals

Potential of plant polyphenols to combat oxidative stress and inflammatory processes in farm animals

Microbiota and Dose Response: Evolving Paradigm of Health Triangle

Dark Polyphenols-Rich Chocolate and Gut Microbiota: A Literature Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About