Flammability of Polymers

Tewarson, A.

doi:10.1002/0471721557.ch11

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…For ordinary polymers, T ig « vaporization (T v ) or decomposition temperature (T d ), which supports the influence of the bond dissociation energy on the ignition behavior [9,12]. For high temperature and highly halogenated advanced engineered polymers, T ig » T v /T d suggesting the influence of both bond dissociation energy as well as of the generic nature of the polymer vapors [9,12]. It is estimated that chemical factors contribute to some 25 % in the TRP value [9].…”

Section: Ignitionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…This is supported by the estimated 1 ykpc values also listed in Table 3, which are very similar to the calculated -y/kpc values. The T jg values of polymers depend on the chemical bond dissociation energies and generic nature of the polymer vapor in addition to thermal effects [9,12]. For ordinary polymers, T ig « vaporization (T v ) or decomposition temperature (T d ), which supports the influence of the bond dissociation energy on the ignition behavior [9,12].…”

Section: Ignitionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The T jg values of polymers depend on the chemical bond dissociation energies and generic nature of the polymer vapor in addition to thermal effects [9,12]. For ordinary polymers, T ig « vaporization (T v ) or decomposition temperature (T d ), which supports the influence of the bond dissociation energy on the ignition behavior [9,12]. For high temperature and highly halogenated advanced engineered polymers, T ig » T v /T d suggesting the influence of both bond dissociation energy as well as of the generic nature of the polymer vapors [9,12].…”

Section: Ignitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For high temperature and highly halogenated advanced engineered polymers, T ig » T v /T d suggesting the influence of both bond dissociation energy as well as of the generic nature of the polymer vapors [9,12]. It is estimated that chemical factors contribute to some 25 % in the TRP value [9].…”

Section: Ignitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Excellent correlation has been found between the FPI values from the small-scale and large-scale tests [8,9,19,21]. The FPI concept thus has been adopted for the acceptance of polymers in the clean rooms of the semi-conductor industry by Factory Mutual Research (FMR) and Underwriters Laboratories (UL) [22,23], and for electrical cables and conveyor belts by FMR [24,25].…”

Section: Pvcmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects Of The Generic Nature Of Polymers On Their Fire Behavior

Marlair¹,

Tewarson²

2003

Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the Seventh International

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Fire behavior of four aliphatic and two aromatic C, H, O, N, S, and Cl atom containing polymers has been examined. Experiments were performed in three ASTM E 2058 Fire Propagation Apparatuses. The differences in the ignition behavior of polymers were found to be mainly due to differences in the ignition temperature. Chemical effects appear to contribute about 25 % towards the ignition resistance of the polymers. For thermoplastics, formation of polymer melt and its burning as a pool fire was found to increase the fire intensity by factors of two to four. The combustion efficiency and generation efficiency of CO 2 were found to decrease and the generation efficiencies of CO and smoke were found to increase by changes in the generic nature of the polymers (aliphatic to aromatic to halogenated). About four times as much carbon atoms in the polymers converted to smoke than converted to CO. Large-scale fire propagation behavior of polymers was characterized by a Fire Propagation Index (FPI). The FPI values of melting type thermoplastics (showing rapid-fire propagation behavior) were high, whereas they were low for the engineered charring type and halogenated polymers (showing either slow or decelerating fire propagation behavior).

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Section: Ignitionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Ignitionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Ignitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ignitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pvcmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects Of The Generic Nature Of Polymers On Their Fire Behavior

Marlair¹,

Tewarson²

2003

Fire Safety Science - Proceedings of the Seventh International

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Effect of flame heat flux on thermal response and fire properties of char‐forming composite materials

Zhou

2012

Fire and Materials

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SUMMARY This study evaluates the effect of flame heat flux on the prediction of thermal response and fire properties of a char‐forming composite material. A simplified two‐layer flame model was developed and incorporated into a heat transfer thermal model to predict the thermal response and fire reaction characteristics of a burning material. A typical char‐forming material, E‐glass reinforced polyester composite, was used in the study. A cone calorimeter was used to measure the fire reaction characteristics of the composite. The flame heat flux in a cone calorimeter test setup was estimated using the simplified flame model. Thermal response and fire property predictions with and without the effect of flame heat flux were compared with experimental data obtained from the cone calorimeter tests. Results showed that the average flame heat flux of the composite in a cone calorimeter was 19.1 ± 6 kW/m² from model predictions. The flame had a significant effect on the thermal response and fire properties of the composite around the first heat release peak but the effect decreased rapidly afterwards. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Design car fire size based on fire statistics and experimental data

2020

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Summary Passenger vehicle fires present a significant fire hazard in enclosed car parks. Accordingly, this hazard is often used as a design fire scenario for the application of fire protection systems. Specific fire protection standards, like NFPA 88A:2019 and NFPA 502:2020 in the United States (US) or BS 7346‐7:2013, NBN 21‐208‐2:2014, VDI 6019‐1:2006, NEN 6098:2010 and ITB 493:2015 in Europe, provide varying requirements for car park fire protection. Car parks fire strategies, especially when smoke control systems are used, often make use of performance‐based methods, in which fire growth (ie, heat release rate [HRR]) plays a fundamental role. The chosen HRR can influence the specification of car park construction and on smoke control system calculations. This article presents a review of 44 full‐scale car fire tests together with Polish and British passenger car fire statistics from the last 8 years. Based on the collected data and the averaged tests, HRR values provided in this article could assist local authorities and stakeholders determine optimal fire safety design criteria for car parks.

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Flammability of Polymers

Cited by 11 publications

References 20 publications

Effects Of The Generic Nature Of Polymers On Their Fire Behavior

Effects Of The Generic Nature Of Polymers On Their Fire Behavior

Effect of flame heat flux on thermal response and fire properties of char‐forming composite materials

Design car fire size based on fire statistics and experimental data

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