Flammability of diene rubbers

Janowska, G.; Kucharska-Jastrząbek, Agnieszka; Rybiński, Przemysław; Wesołek, Dorota; Wójcik, Iwona

doi:10.1007/s10973-010-0902-x

Cited by 26 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In flammability measurements by the method of oxygen index, we did not take into account the sample burning down procesess in apparatus holder as it would require a higher oxygen concentration in the oxygen-nitrogen mixture flowing through the measurement column resulting in an increased value of OI confirmed in our previous paper [2].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A sample in a vertical position was ignited with a gaseous burner as before for 5 s and its combustion time (t s ) was measured [2].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fire hazard of the elastomeric materials under investigation was determined by the method of cone calorimeter using an apparatus from Atlas Electric Devices Company [2,8]. The results obtained by this method were used to determine the toxicity of the products of thermal decomposition and combustion of elastomers, taking into account the emission of carbon oxide and dioxide (RTFH co=co 2 ) as well as compounds such as HCN, NO, NO 2 , SO 2 , CO, and CO 2 at temperatures of 450, 550, and 750°C, according to Standard PN-B-02855:1988 (W LC50SM ) [2].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, the flammability of elastomers depends on carbon and hydrogen contents in a macromolecule, varying within wide limits from 85% C and 15% H to 0% H, e.g. in nonflammable nitrosofluoric rubbers [1,2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The combustion of non-cross-linked elastomers is accompanied by the formation of considerable amounts of liquid products of their thermal decomposition and combustion that constitute an additional source of heat and facilitate contact with oxygen. The formation of a spatial network, i.e., the combination of polymer macromolecules with crosswise bonds, prevents this phenomenon to an extent dependent on the chemical constitution and physical structure of elastomer, and the structure of spatial network and cross-link density [2][3][4][5]. The formation of liquid products of thermal decomposition and combustion can be considerably limited or eliminated by fillers added to a polymeric blend, whose cross-linking leads to filled elastomeric materials [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flammability of vulcanizates of diene rubbers

Rybiński

Janowska

Kucharska-Jastrząbek

et al. 2011

J Therm Anal Calorim

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This article discusses the effect of the crosslinking of diene elastomers (BR, SBR, NBR), with the use of an organic peroxide or sulfur, on their flammability and fire hazard. Flammability tests were carried out by the method of oxygen index, combustion time (in air) and ignition temperature measurements. Fire hazard was determined on the basis of test results obtained by means of a cone calorimeter. Toxicometric coefficients (RTFH co=co 2 and W LC50SM ) and the emission of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were determined. Test results were interpreted from the point of view of the chemical constitution of elastomer macromolecules as well as the structure of its network structure.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A sample in a vertical position was ignited with a gaseous burner as before for 5 s and its combustion time (t s ) was measured [2].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Flammability of vulcanizates of diene rubbers

Rybiński

Janowska

Kucharska-Jastrząbek

et al. 2011

J Therm Anal Calorim

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Synthesis of carbon nanostructures from residual solids waste tires

Mis-Fernández

Ríos-Soberanis

Arenas-Alatorre

et al. 2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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This article presents the results of the synthesis and morphological characterization of carbon nanostructures obtained from the decomposition of residual solid from waste tires (RSWT) in quartz tubes under reduced pressure (1.33 Pa) at 900°C for 15 min. The synthesis led to the formation of two phases, a fragmented solid black powder composed of multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), onion‐type fullerenes, and spheres, and a very bright metallic dark film. Analysis by microscopy (SEM and TEM) showed that the MWCNTs had an average diameter of approximately 25 nm and a length greater than 100 nm while the diameter of the onion‐type fullerenes was found to be 8 nm. The nanospheres showed different diameters ranging from 500 nm to 1.5 μm, and some had a metallic core surrounded by layers of carbon. The infrared spectra of the nanotubes exhibited absorption bands at 1558 and 1458 cm−1, corresponding to CC and CC bonds, and signals at 3438 and 1080 cm−1 related to the OH and CO groups from oxidized graphite as it was identified in the dark film. The Raman spectra of the carbon nanostructures present D and G‐bands at 1331 and 1597 cm−1, respectively. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012

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Flame‐retardant fabric systems based on electrospun polyamide/boric acid nanocomposite fibers

Selvakumar¹,

Azhagurajan²,

Natarajan

et al. 2012

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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To examine the feasibility of developing flame-retardant-textile coated fabric systems with electrospun polyamide/boric acid nanocomposites, fiber webs coated on cotton substrates were developed to impart-fire retardant properties. The morphology of the polyamide/ boric acid nanocomposite fibers was examined with scanning electron microscopy. The flame-retardant properties of coated fabric systems with different nanoparticle contents were assessed. The flame retardancy of the boric acid coated fabric systems was evaluated quantitatively with a flammability test apparatus fabricated on the basis of Consumer Product Safety Commission 16 Code of Federal Regulations part 1610 standard and also by thermogravimetric analysis. The 0.05 wt % boric acid nanocomposite fiber web coated on pure cotton fabric exhibited an increment in flame-spreading time of greater than 80%, and this indicated excellent fire protection. Also, the coated fabric systems with 0.05% boric acid nanocomposite fiber webs exhibited a distinct shift in the peak value in the thermal degradation profile and a 75% increase in char formation in the thermooxidative degradation profile, as indicated by the results of thermogravimetric analysis. The results show the feasibility of successfully imparting flame-retardant properties to cotton fabrics through the electrospinning of the polymer material with boric acid nanoparticles.

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Flammability of diene rubbers

Cited by 26 publications

References 12 publications

Flammability of vulcanizates of diene rubbers

Flammability of vulcanizates of diene rubbers

Synthesis of carbon nanostructures from residual solids waste tires

Flame‐retardant fabric systems based on electrospun polyamide/boric acid nanocomposite fibers

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