Flammability of Composites Based on Polypropylene and Flax Fibers

Helwig, Malgorzata; Paukszta, Dominik

doi:10.1080/10587250008023629

Cited by 47 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 1 publication

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Although the presence of flax fibers causes earlier ignition of the composite, the combustion proceeds at a much lower heat release rate and mass loss rate than that of pure PP. Moreover, sharp HRR peaks observed for pure PP do not appear when the flax fiber composite is combusted [54,55,56].…”

Section: Fire Retardant Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uses of Natural Fiber Reinforced Plastics

Kozłowski

Władyka-Przybylak

2004

Natural Fibers, Plastics and Composites

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract:Plants, such as flax, cotton, hemp, jute , sisal, kenaf, coir, pineapple , ramie, bamboo , banana, as well as wood, are a source of lignocellulosic fibers. Their availability, renewability, low density and price as well as satisfactory mechanical properties make them attractive reinforcing fibers in the manufacture of composites . The natural fiber containing composites are used in transportation (automobiles , railway coaches, aero-space), military applications, building and construction industries (ceiling paneling, partition boards), packaging, and consumer products. INTRODUCTIONNatural fiber reinforced composites can be divided into groups: 1) conventional panel type composites where lignocellulosics serve as the main ingredient, e.g., particleboards, fiberboards, and insulation boards, with organic binding materials, including natural binders like lignin and tannin; 2) lignocellulosic-mineral composites which are based on inorganic binding materials; 3) natural fiber reinforced polymers, in which the lignocellulosics serve as reinforcing fillers within matrix materials such as thermoplastics , thermosetting plastics and rubbers; and 4) nonwoven textile type composites.The most important natural fiber composites are listed in Table 1 [1, 2]. The properties of composites depend on those of the individual components and on their interfacial compatibility . CONVENTIONAL COMPOSITE BOARDSConventional composites fall into two main categories based on the physical configuration of the lignocellulosics: particleboards and fiberboards. Within each category are low, medium, and high density classifications. Also, both wet and dry processes are used for each category of composite. Conventional composites typically use a heat-curing adhesive to hold the lignocellulosic component together [3].Table1. Composites ParticleboardsThe main lignocellulosic raw material used in the particle and fiberboard industries is wood, but in many countries other agriculturally based materials are successfully utilized. Annual plant waste such as flax and hemp shives, jute stalks, bagasse, reed stalks, cotton stalks, grass-like Miscantus, vetiver roots, rape straw, oil flax straw, small grain straw, peanut husks, rice husks, grapevine stalks and palm stalks are cheap and valuable raw materials for lignocellulosic board production.The production technology is similar to that for lignocellulosic board production from wood particles. All particleboards are currently made using the dry process, in which air is used to randomize and distribute the particles prior to pressing. The specifics of board production from annual plant waste are concerned with raw material preparation, including purification and sorting of the material [I, 2].One of the most important advantages of these boards is the ability to produce a wide spectrum of densities from 300 to 750 kg/m' (see Table 2). Annual plant waste boards are mainly used in the building and furniture making industries, and in transportation [4]. Particleboards, readily made from a vari...

show abstract

Section: Fire Retardant Compositesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uses of Natural Fiber Reinforced Plastics

Kozłowski

Władyka-Przybylak

2004

Natural Fibers, Plastics and Composites

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The composites with natural fillers are environmentally friendly during production and processing as well, as they can be subjected to the energy and material recycling. The addition of lignocellulosic materials resulted in a significant decrease in such important parameters such as heat release rate (HRR) peak and mass loss rate (MLR) [14,15].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Polypropylene-lignocellulosic material composites as promising sound absorbing materials

Markiewicz

Borysiak²,

Paukszta³

2009

Polimery

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Polypropylene-lignocellulosic material composites as promising sound absorbing materialsSummary -Composites made from polypropylene and lignocellulosic materials derived from plants were subjected to acoustic and mechanical investigations. Sound absorption coefficients for these composites were measured using the acoustic standing wave method in the frequency range from 1000 to 6500 Hz. This work shows that the frequency dependence of the sound absorption coefficient obtained for pure polypropylene can be modified by proper choice of the filler added to the polypropylene matrix. Fillers derived from hemp plant cause significant increase in the absorption coefficient starting from the frequency above 3000 Hz. The fillers obtained from rapeseed straw, beech and flax are recognized to suppress the sound in the frequency range from 3000 to 4000 Hz. The investigated composites can be recommended for application in the automotive industry and building as the construction materials absorbing the undesired noise. KOMPOZYTY POLIPROPYLENU Z NAPE£NIACZAMI LIGNOCELULOZOWYMI JAKO MATE-RIA£Y POCH£ANIAJ¥CE D WIÊKStreszczenie -W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badañ w³aoeciwooeci akustycznych i mechanicznych kompozytów z³o¿onych z matrycy polipropylenowej i materia³ów lignocelulozowych uzyskanych z rooelin konopi, lnu, rzepaku i drzewa bukowego. Wspó³czynnik poch³aniania dŸwiêku wyznaczono metod¹ akustycznej fali stoj¹cej w zakresie czêstotliwooeci od 1000 do 6500 Hz w uk³adzie pomiarowym Standing Wave Apparatus 4002 firmy Brüel&Kjaer (rys. 1). Zale¿nooeae czêstotliwooeciowa wspó³czynnika poch³aniania dŸwiêku α dla czystego polipropylenu mo¿e byae modyfikowana przez odpowiedni dobór nape³niacza lignocelulozowego. Nape³niacze uzyskane z rooeliny konopi powoduj¹ znaczny wzrost absorpcji dŸwiêku w zakresie czêstotliwooeci powy¿ej 3000 Hz (rys. 2). Wspó³czynnik poch³aniania dŸwiêku kompozytów z tymi nape³niaczami wzrasta do~25 % i utrzymuje siê na tym poziomie wraz ze wzrostem czêstotliwooeci. Natomiast dodanie nape³niaczy otrzymanych z lnu, s³omy rzepakowej i drewna bukowego do matrycy polipropylenowej przyczynia siê do bardziej rezonansowej charakterystyki poch³aniania dŸwiêku z wyraŸnym maksimum absorpcji (α powy¿ej 20 %) w zakresie czêstotliwooeci od 3000 do 4000 Hz (rys. 3). Wykonane badania potwierdzaj¹ mo¿liwooeae zastosowania kompozytów zawieraj¹cych materia³y lignocelulozowe w budownictwie oraz przemyoele samochodowym z uwagi na korzystn¹ w³aoeciwooeae poch³aniania dŸwiêku. S³owa kluczowe: kompozyty, nape³niacze lignocelulozowe, wspó³czynnik poch³aniania dŸwiêku, absorbery dŸwiêku.

show abstract

“…It shows that T ig indicates that the fire risk of a composite was delayed for 0%OPFC and all the FR additions at both studied HFs except for 12%APP‐GAP which ignited earlier at 50 kW m −2 indicating 42.1% decrease relative to UPR. This could be attributed to fibres exposure on the composite surface that occurred earlier than the UPR and/or the (APP‐GAP) could not adequately confine longer the pyrolysis process and combustible gases liberation during fire leading to poor ignition time . From the HRR curves depicted in (Figures and ), a sharp rise and then a broad decline indicates the activities of combustibles gases during combustion.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This could be attributed to fibres exposure on the composite surface that occurred earlier than the UPR and/or the (APP-GAP) could not adequately confine longer the pyrolysis process and combustible gases liberation during fire 37 leading to poor ignition time. 38 From the HRR curves depicted in (Figures 5 and 6 that the escape of combustible gases were adequately trapped by the mechanism of ATH 11,12 and APP-GAP [13][14][15] during combustion.…”

Section: Impact Strengthmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effect of flame retardants on flame propagation and flammability properties of oil palm fibre reinforced polyester composite

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary Oil palm fibre reinforced polyester composite (OPFC) was modified with aluminium tri‐hydroxide (ATH), ammonium phosphate and gum arabic (APP‐GAP) intumescent compound, and their hybrid (ATH/APP‐GAP) flame retardants (FRs) at 0%, 12%, and 18% proportion using hand lay‐up compression moulding technique. The effect of the FR loadings on impact strength, flammability properties, and flame propagation were examined using an impact tester, cone calorimeter apparatus (CCA), and flame spread apparatus (FSA), respectively. The results shows that the FRs added to OPFC enhanced the impact strength of the composite showing greater absorbed energy for 0%OPFC and 12%APP‐GAP specimens. CCA results reveal that 18%ATH/APP‐GAP hybrid specimen enhanced the flammability properties better at 50 kW m−2, while at 25 kW m−2, the performance of the specimens varied in properties with content and type of FR loadings. FSA results reveal that with 18%ATH/APP‐GAP hybrid specimen, weakest flame energy for propagation and less flame travel distance could be achieved and suggests a better FR. This paper concludes that the hybrid FR specimen can be of great benefit to the building and transportation industries.

show abstract

Flammability of Composites Based on Polypropylene and Flax Fibers

Cited by 47 publications

References 1 publication

Uses of Natural Fiber Reinforced Plastics

Uses of Natural Fiber Reinforced Plastics

Polypropylene-lignocellulosic material composites as promising sound absorbing materials

Effect of flame retardants on flame propagation and flammability properties of oil palm fibre reinforced polyester composite

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About