Effect of flame retardants on flame propagation and flammability properties of oil palm fibre reinforced polyester composite

Suoware, T. O.; Edelugo, S. O.; Ezema, I. C.

doi:10.1002/fam.2740

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 34 publications

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“…Testing also plays a crucial role, as it is part of the regulatory framework that ensures product compliance. As such, the testing requirements for natural fiber composites extends beyond traditional mechanical tests, and flammability tests provide useful results for comparison 18‐20 . Some studies mentioned in Table 1 investigated thermal stability using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), but there were no assessments on the fire performance of composites with sugar‐cane bagasse.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the ignition and burning hazards of sugar‐cane bagasse and hemp epoxy composites

2021

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Summary The feasibility of using sugar‐cane bagasse as a reinforcement for natural fiber composites and the performance of these composites under fire conditions was investigated. Plies were manufactured using a process, which involved alkali‐treating bagasse, blending, pressing, and drying. Soaking durations of 30 minutes and 24 hours were compared. Composites were then made with these plies using a light resin transfer molding process. The composites were characterized and compared to a commercial hemp fabric using thermogravimetric analysis for thermal stability and char yield, isotropic hot disc method for thermal conductivity and specific heat capacity, and cone calorimeter for flammability. The investigation found that bagasse plies could be successfully used in composite manufacture, but posed a greater ignition hazard, and a comparable burning behavior hazard to the commercial product when tested at a radiant heat flux of 35 kW/m2. Thirty minutes treating resulted in a ply, which resulted in a char yield of 28%. Although in the composite form, there were no significant differences between all sample groups. With regards to ignition, the hemp composite had the latest time‐to‐ignition of 137 seconds. Comparison of the thermal properties to the ignition times showed that higher values of thermal properties resulted in later ignition times. The composite with the 30‐minute treated bagasse had a total heat release of 159 MJ/m2 and average heat release rate of 263 kW/m2, while the peak heat release rate was lower for the 24‐hour treated bagasse at 537 kW/m2. Overall, no significant differences in the two treatment durations were observed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing the ignition and burning hazards of sugar‐cane bagasse and hemp epoxy composites

2021

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Flame retardant characteristics of natural fibre reinforced polymer composites: A thematic review

Muralidharan,

Subramanian,

Rajamanickam

et al. 2024

Polymer Composites

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Globally, with the advancement of industrialization and globalization, the automotive sector has drastically increased for transportation and commercial purposes. Hence, to maximize efficiency and minimize the weight of automobiles, the automotive and aerospace industries have welcomed synthetic fibre‐reinforced composites, vastly replacing conventional metals. Despite the superior performance, the usage of synthetic fibre composites has led to the massive dumping of automotive waste in landfills, making the land unfit for future purposes. Therefore, natural fibre‐reinforced composites (NFRCs) quickly replace synthetic fibres with their unique features, such as being lightweight, biodegradable, and non‐toxic, en routing a new path towards a sustainable environment. Though NFRCs are finding new applications in various industries, researchers are trying to enhance their thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties to make them synergic composites. However, with the presence of cellulose, lignin, and wax, natural fibres become highly responsive toward flammability, limiting their use in various emerging applications. As the subject of the flammability of NFRCs has a limited amount of literature, the current review article aims to address the current flammability studies and strategies adopted to improve the flame‐retardant characteristics of NFRCs exclusively. Also, this review covers the factors and influence of different types of flame‐retardant fillers adopted to improve the flame retreatant characteristic of NFRCs and their mechanism. Additionally, this review article summarises various official and laboratory flame‐testing techniques such as radial panel test (RPT), cone calorimetry, and limited oxygen index (LOI) adopted to characterize the flammable properties of NFRCs.Highlights Natural fiber biocomposites are becoming a potential candidate for structural and interior applications in the automotive and aircraft industries. Flammability becomes a major alarm as it concerns with the safety of passengers. The flammability behavior of natural fiber composites is extensively discussed. Mechanisms, factors, and selection of flame‐retardant materials are reviewed to improve the flame‐retardant characteristics. The influence of surface treatments, fiber content, and flame‐retardant nanofillers are also elaborately discussed. Advanced flame testing techniques were conversed with pictorial representation.

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Preparation of modified ammonium polyphosphate blended aqueous boron phenolic resin and its application to insulating paper

Qiu

Huang²,

Yang

et al. 2022

J Polym Res

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Effect of flame retardants on flame propagation and flammability properties of oil palm fibre reinforced polyester composite

Cited by 4 publications

References 34 publications

Comparing the ignition and burning hazards of sugar‐cane bagasse and hemp epoxy composites

Comparing the ignition and burning hazards of sugar‐cane bagasse and hemp epoxy composites

Flame retardant characteristics of natural fibre reinforced polymer composites: A thematic review

Preparation of modified ammonium polyphosphate blended aqueous boron phenolic resin and its application to insulating paper

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