Flammability limits temperature dependence of pure compounds in air at atmospheric pressure

Mendiburu, Andrés Z.; Carvalho, João Andrade de; Coronado, Christian R.; Roberts, Justo J.

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2016.12.036

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…A principal component analysis was used to analyze how the chlorophyll parameters were related. All the statistical analyses were done using R (R Core Team 2017) with some extra packages: car (Fox & Weisberg, 2011); plotrix (Lemon, 2006); ggpubr (Kassambara, 2017); agricolae (de Mendiburu, 2017); vcd (Meyer, Zeileis & Hornik, 2006); writexl (Ooms, 2017); ggplot2 (Wickham, 2009); readxl (Wickham & Bryan, 2017); plyr (Wickham, 2011); tidyr (Wickham & Henry, 2017) and knitr (Xie, 2017). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of nettle slurry (Urtica dioica L.) used as foliar fertilizer on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) yield and plant growth

Garmendia

Raigón²,

Marques

et al. 2018

PeerJ

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Organic agriculture is becoming increasingly important, and many natural products are now available for organic farmers to manage and improve their crops. Several ethnobotanical studies have indicated that the use of nettle slurry as fertilizer in organic farming for horticultural crops is spreading. Sometimes, however, the consequences of using these natural products have been poorly evaluated, and there is very little scientific evidence for the effects of using these slurries. In this study, we aimed to analyze the possible effect of nettle slurry on potato yields produced by organic farming. To achieve this main objective, we assessed the effect of nettle slurry on potato yields, plant size and growth parameters, chlorophyll content, and the presence of pests and diseases. Different slurry doses were assessed in 36 plots and nine variables were measured during the crop cycle. Under these field experimental conditions, nettle slurry (including one treatment with Urtica in combination with Equisetum) had no significant effects on yield, chlorophyll content, or the presence of pests and diseases in organic potato crops. The highest chlorophyll content was found in the double dose treatment, but the difference was not significant. This result, together with a small improvement in plant height with the double dose treatment, might indicate very slight crop enhancement which, under our experimental conditions, was not enough to improve yield. The Urtica and Equisetum slurry chemical analyses showed very low levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of nettle slurry (Urtica dioica L.) used as foliar fertilizer on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) yield and plant growth

Garmendia

Raigón²,

Marques

et al. 2018

PeerJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Starting from these considerations, further analysis to evaluate the truthfulness of the commonly used hypothesis of constant adiabatic flame temperature at the composition for the FL was carried out. In this regard, the simplified correlations (Equation 3) developed by Zabetakis and co-workers [32] from the Burgess-Wheeler law were considered because they have been viewed as a benchmark in the evaluation of predictive correlations for the temperature effect on the FLs estimation by Mendiburu et al (2017) [33].…”

Section: Temperature Effect On Flsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of ultra-low temperature on the flammability limits of a methane/air/diluent mixtures

Pio

Salzano

2019

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…The energy conservation equation for the combustible-air mixture is presented in Eq. (9). The terms on the right-hand side of Eq.…”

Section: Co 2 (%)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The FLs of a combustible-air mixture depend on the initial temperature and pressure conditions [7][8][9][10][11]. Also, there are different standard test methods to determine the FL [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method for determination of flammability limits of gaseous compounds diluted with N2 and CO2 in air

Mendiburu

Carvalho

Coronado

2018

Fuel

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The present work studies the flammability limits of combustible-diluent-air mixtures at 25°C and 1 atm pressure. The diluent species, considered in this study, were nitrogen and carbon dioxide. A factor called k FL was obtained from mass and energy conservation, this factor relates the flammability limit of a combustible-air mixture to that of a combustible-diluent-air mixture. The factor k FL varies with diluent concentration. Nevertheless, it was shown that an average value of this factor k () FL av can represent, with good accuracy, the variation of the flammability limits with diluent concentration. An empirical method to determine the flammability limits of combustible-diluent-air mixtures was developed. The method approximates k FL av by means of correlations. For the total set of experimental data, it was found that, for dilution with N 2 and CO 2 respectively: (a) at the LFL the Average of the relative errors (AARE) were 4.02% and 7.01%, the squared correlation coefficients (R 2) were 0.9833 and 0.9660; and (b) at the UFL the AAREs were 3.91% and 5.57%, the R 2 were 0.9920 and 0.9792. At the Fuel Inertization Point (FIP) there is an inert concentration above which the mixture is non-flammable. A method was developed to determine the diluent mole fraction in the combustible-inert mixture at the FIP. The AAREs of 0.82% and 1.95% were obtained for dilution with N 2 and CO 2 , respectively.

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Flammability limits temperature dependence of pure compounds in air at atmospheric pressure

Cited by 26 publications

References 27 publications

Effects of nettle slurry (Urtica dioica L.) used as foliar fertilizer on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) yield and plant growth

Effects of nettle slurry (Urtica dioica L.) used as foliar fertilizer on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) yield and plant growth

The effect of ultra-low temperature on the flammability limits of a methane/air/diluent mixtures

Method for determination of flammability limits of gaseous compounds diluted with N2 and CO2 in air

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