Flammability and thermal stability of isocyanate‐based polymers

Backus, J.K.; Bernard, Drouin; Darr, W. C.; Saunders, J. H.

doi:10.1002/app.1968.070120507

Cited by 29 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(2 reference statements)

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“…The PUR networks were decomposed in two steps (not clearly distinguishable) in nitrogen and in three steps in air. The first step of the thermal degradation was caused by a rupture of the urethane bonds, the second weight‐loss step involved a thermal degradation and in the case of the air atmosphere also an oxidative degradation 27, 33–35.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyurethanes with bio‐based and recycled components

Beneš

Vlček²,

Černá

et al. 2011

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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Polyurethanes (PUR) combining renewable bio-based raw materials and recycled polyols were prepared and characterized. A fish oil-based polyol and a castor oil (CO) were used as the bio-based raw materials. Recycled polyols were prepared by chemical decomposition of PUR flexible foam. Based on the properties of the natural and the recycled polyols, final PUR materials were designed as rigid foams or cast systems. Processing parameters as well as final thermo-mechanical properties of the prepared materials were evaluated and discussed. The results showed that the fish oil-based recycled polyol was suitable for the preparation of the rigid PUR foam and can replace a majority of petrochemical polyols in the rigid PUR foam formulation without any detrimental effects on final quality of the product. Due to the high content of the secondary hydroxyl groups, the CO-based recycled polyol was less reactive with the isocyanates than the fish oil-based recycled polyol. Therefore, the CO-based recycled polyol was used for the preparation of the compact cast PUR materials. Long aliphatic chains in this recycled polyol could be advantageously used for the formulation of flexible PUR floorings.Practical applications: The developed polyurethane (PUR) materials were designed for concrete final applications. The fish oil-based recycled polyol was tested for the preparation of the rigid PUR foams. The use of castor oil enabled to prepare less reactive recycled polyol and it was applied for the preparation of the compact cast PUR.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polyurethanes with bio‐based and recycled components

Beneš

Vlček²,

Černá

et al. 2011

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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“…and Saunders and Backus (1966) have dealt with the thermal stability of common types of rigid urethane foams and an anal ysis of the factors affecting their flammability. Backus et al (1968) have also pointed out a relationship between flammability and thermal stability (Table III). The volatile components were held respon sible for the foam flammability.…”

Section: Cmentioning

confidence: 89%

Thermal Analysis in Polymer Flammability

Pearce

Khanna²,

Raucher

1981

Thermal Characterization of Polymeric Materials

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“…There have been quite a number of reports on the thermal analysis of various polyurethane polymers [1][2][3][4][5], including elastomers [6]. We have no information concerning thorough studies on the influence of flame-proofing additives on the thermal decomposition processes of polyurethanes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Thermal decomposition of polyurethane elastomers containing antipyrene

Gjurova

Bechev

Troev

et al. 1983

Journal of Thermal Analysis

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Thermal analysis, IR and emission spectroscopy were used to study the influence of phosphorus and phosphorus/chlorine-containing antipyrenes on the thermal decomposition of polyurethane elastomers based on 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and polytetraoxymethylene. The introduction of P-containing antipyrene into the structure of polyurethane elastomers induces changes in the mechanism and kinetics of thermal decomposition towards inactivation of the exothermal reactions of oxidative decomposition. It causes a shift of the first exothermal peak towards higher temperatures by 100 ~ and helps the formation of temporarily stabilized structures. P/CI-containing antipyrene has a smaller positive effect towards inactivation of the exothermal decomposition reactions and the formation of temporarily stabilized structures.The use of antipyrene is one of the most common methods of reducing polymer flammability. For most antipyrenes the flame-proofing mechanism has not yet been explained. It is probable that the thermal decomposition of modified polymers is affected in a specific way. Study of the thermal decomposition of similar systems in a sufficiently wide temperature range would clarify the nature of the reactions proceeding and would help in the choice of a suitable antipyrene.There have been quite a number of reports on the thermal analysis of various polyurethane polymers [1-5], including elastomers [6]. We have no information concerning thorough studies on the influence of flame-proofing additives on the thermal decomposition processes of polyurethanes. The directly proportional relations recently found between flammability tests and thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis results [7] recommend a wider utilization of these methods for evaluation of the influence of antipyrene on different polymers.In an earlier work [8] on the same polyurethane elastomers (PUE) modified with phosphorus and phosphorus/chlorine, a connection was found between their thermal behaviour (shift and intensity reduction of the first thermal peak) and the value of the oxygen index. This correlation gives information on the optimum concentration of antipyrene as concerns its effectiveness for combustion retardation. The aim of this work is a more detailed study of the transformations these polymers undergo upon heating, and the influence of antipyrenes on the thermal decomposition mechanism.

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Flammability and thermal stability of isocyanate‐based polymers

Cited by 29 publications

References 6 publications

Polyurethanes with bio‐based and recycled components

Polyurethanes with bio‐based and recycled components

Thermal Analysis in Polymer Flammability

Thermal decomposition of polyurethane elastomers containing antipyrene

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