Flammability and thermal degradation of flame retarded polypropylene composites containing melamine phosphate and pentaerythritol derivatives

Lv, Pin; Wang, Zhengzhou; Hu, Keliang; Fan, Weicheng

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2005.04.003

Cited by 240 publications

(131 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The absorption peak at nearby 3400 cm À1 appeared and became a broad absorption band increasingly, that was consistent with the first thermal degradation of DOPNP. 29 It is attributed to the formation of phosphoric acid groups during the decomposition of DOPNP. As can be seen from the Figure 6, the absorption peak at 1317 cm À1 (P¼ ¼O) moved gradually to a lower wave number, while its intensity became weak increasingly from 310 to 500 C. From the data of Figure 5, the char residue of DOPNP was 41.2% at 600 C and 22.9% at 800 C, respectively.…”

Section: Thermal Degradation Behavior Of the Dopnpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a novel phosphorus‐containing compound on the flame retardancy and thermal degradation of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene

Zhang

Lin

et al. 2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A novel flame retardant, tetra(5,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxaphosphorinanyl-2-oxy) neopentane (DOPNP), was synthesized successfully, and its structure was characterized by FT-IR, 1 H NMR, and 31 P NMR. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results demonstrate that DOPNP showed a good char-forming ability. Its initial decomposition temperature was 236.4 C based on 1% mass loss, and its char residue was 41.2 wt % at 600 C, and 22.9 wt % at 800 C, respectively. The flame retardancy and thermal degradation behavior of novel intumescent flame-retardant polypropylene (IFR-PP) composites containing DOPNP were investigated using limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 test, TGA, cone calorimeter (CONE) test, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrate that DOPNP effectively raised LOI value of IFR-PP. When the loading of IFR was 30 wt %, LOI of IFR-PP reached 31.3%, and it passed UL-94 V-0. TGA results show that DOPNP made the thermal decomposition of IFR-PP take place in advance; reduced the thermal decomposition rate and raised the residual char amount. CONE results show that DOPNP could effectively decrease the heat release rate peak of IFR-PP. A continuous and compact char layer observed from the SEM further proved the flame retardance.

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Section: Thermal Degradation Behavior Of the Dopnpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of a novel phosphorus‐containing compound on the flame retardancy and thermal degradation of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene

Zhang

Lin

et al. 2011

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…All facts indicate that the conjugation of BSPB monomer into the polyurethane would decrease the thermal stability of FRWPU but descend the weight loss rate at higher temperature and promote the formation of char residue. In view of the outcomes previously mentioned, some conclusions may be presumed as follows: the flame-retardant mechanism of BSPB-conjugated WPU may be similar to that of additive-type intumescent flame retardant composites [22,23]. At relatively low temperatures, the less stable phosphorus groups in the BSPB structure begin to decompose, forming phosphoric and polyphosphoric acids layer, which accelerate the decomposition and carbonization of FRWPU, decrease the exothermicity of pyrolysis reactions and retard the production of combustible gases.…”

Section: Thermal Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 98%

Flame retardancy, mechanical, and thermal properties of waterborne polyurethane conjugated with a novel phosphorous-nitrogen intumescent flame retardant

Zhang

Tian

et al. 2015

Polym. Compos.

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A novel phosphorous‐nitrogen intumescent flame retardant with reactive diamino groups, benzoguanamine spirocyclic pentaerythritol bisphosphonate (BSPB), was synthesized and used as a chain extender, and then a series of flame retardant waterborne polyurethanes (FRWPU) were prepared by covalently conjugating the BSPB into waterborne polyurethane (WPU) backbone. Their structures were characterized by Fourier transformed infrared spectrometry (FTIR), 1H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonances (NMR), respectively. Simultaneously, the flame retardancy and the thermal stability of FRWPU were systematically investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI) test, UL‐94 vertical burning test and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results indicated that with the increase of BSPB content from 0 to 8 wt%, the LOI value of FRWPU increased from 18.6 to 27.3%, showing significant improvement by 8.7%. Compared with WPU, FRWPU showed decreased thermal stability but promoted char residue ratio. Conjugation of BSPB could obviously enhance the mechanical properties of FRWPU, the Young's modulus and tensile strength dramatically increased with the increase of BSPB. Investigation of char forming mechanism of BSPB through real time Fourier transform infrared spectra (RTFTIR) and scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) revealed that the polyphosphoric acid and phosphorus oxynitrides rich outer intumescent char layer could form protective shields to inhibit effectively internal polyurethane to heat and flame diffusion during contacting fire. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:452–462, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers

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“…The peak at low temperatures is assigned to the absorption of ammonium ions, and it disappears at 250 • C because of the elimination of NH 3 from ammonium salt complexes [12]. The peak appearing at 350 • C could be attributed to the absorption of the phosphorus oxynitrides.…”

Section: Thermal Oxidative Degradationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Flame retardation and thermal degradation of flame‐retarded polypropylene composites containing melamine phosphate and pentaerythritol phosphate

Zhou¹,

Wang²,

Gui³

et al. 2008

Fire and Materials

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SUMMARYThe flame retardation of polypropylene (PP) composites containing melamine phosphate (MP) and pentaerythritol phosphate (PEPA) was characterized by limiting oxygen index (LOI) and UL 94. The morphology of the char obtained from the combustion of the composites was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermal degradation of the composites was investigated using thermogravimetric (TG) analysis and real-time Fourier transform infrared (RTFTIR) spectroscopy. It has been found that the PP composites containing only MP do not show good flame retardancy even at 40% additive level. Compared with the PP/MP binary composites, all the LOI values of the PP/MP/PEPA ternary composites at the same additive loading increase, and UL 94 ratings of the ternary composites at suitable MP/PEPA ratios are raised to V-0 from no rating (PP/MP). The TG and RTFTIR studies indicate that the interaction occurs among MP, PEPA and PP.

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Flammability and thermal degradation of flame retarded polypropylene composites containing melamine phosphate and pentaerythritol derivatives

Cited by 240 publications

References 30 publications

Effect of a novel phosphorus‐containing compound on the flame retardancy and thermal degradation of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene

Effect of a novel phosphorus‐containing compound on the flame retardancy and thermal degradation of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene

Flame retardancy, mechanical, and thermal properties of waterborne polyurethane conjugated with a novel phosphorous-nitrogen intumescent flame retardant

Flame retardation and thermal degradation of flame‐retarded polypropylene composites containing melamine phosphate and pentaerythritol phosphate

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