Flame retarded polymer nanocomposites: Development, trend and future perspective

Ma, Haiyun; Song, Pingan; Fang, Zhengping

doi:10.1007/s11426-010-4196-4

Cited by 84 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 121 publications

(135 reference statements)

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“…[8][9][10] The articles published recently pointed out that the addition of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into a polymeric matrix can improve flameretardant properties. [11][12][13][14][15] The improved flame retardancy was attributed to an increase in the melt viscosity of the polymer because of CNTs network structures formed and a subsequent improvement in the resistance to oxidation during thermal decomposition, because of the improved barrier properties of the charred layer. 13,16,17 A similar fire-retardant mechanism of IFR and CNTs indicates that IFR and CNTs may have synergy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic flame‐retarded effect between carbon nanotubes and ammonium polyphosphate in Nylon6 and Nylon6/polystyrene blends

Zhang

Gao

et al. 2019

Fire and Materials

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Summary The association of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as flame retardants was utilized for improving the flame retardancy of nylon6 (PA6) and blends of PA6/Polystyrene (PS). A remarkable synergistic effect between APP and CNTs was observed in PA6 at 1‐wt% CNTs loading. Rheological tests showed that 1‐wt% CNTs formed a network structure. Morphology of residue char indicated that a network enhanced synergistic effect. A synergy between APP and CNTs in blends of PA6/PS (56/24) was also investigated. APP and CNTs exhibited a remarkable synergistic effect at 0.25‐wt% CNTs loading, but the antagonistic effect on flame retardancy of blends was observed at 1‐wt% CNTs loading. Transmission electron microscopy showed that CNTs were exclusively dispersed in the PA6 phase of blends. The selective dispersion of CNTs caused the formation of a network at 0.25‐wt% CNTs loading. Morphology of residue char indicated that 0.25‐wt% CNTs were benefited by the formation of a continuous and well‐swollen residue char that enhanced the synergistic effect in blends. However, the aggregation of 1‐wt% CNTs in PA6 phase caused high viscosity of PA6 phase, resulting in a poor expansion of the residue char. Consequently, the antagonism was exhibited.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic flame‐retarded effect between carbon nanotubes and ammonium polyphosphate in Nylon6 and Nylon6/polystyrene blends

Zhang

Gao

et al. 2019

Fire and Materials

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“…In recent decades, with the rapid development and extensive application of polymer materials, their potential re risk has aroused more and more attention. [12][13][14][15][16] As a typical polymer material, the ammable epoxy thermoset is also trapped in this problem in particular. 17,18 The ame retarding of epoxy thermoset is the key to solve this problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flame-retardant effect of a novel phosphaphenanthrene/triazine-trione bi-group compound on an epoxy thermoset and its pyrolysis behaviour

Qiu

Qian

2016

RSC Adv.

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A novel phosphaphenanthrene/triazine-trione bi-group flame retardant TOD containing two different chemical bridge bonds between phosphaphenanthrene and triazine-trione groups was synthesized through the addition reaction of 1,3,5-triglycidyl isocyanurate (TGIC), 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) and 10-(2,5-dihydroxyphenyl)-10-H-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (ODOPB) three raw materials in turn. TOD was then applied to prepare the flame-retardant epoxy thermoset in the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol-A cured with 4,4 0 -diamino-diphenyl methane (EP). By a limited oxygen index (LOI) measurement, UL94 vertical burning test and cone calorimeter test, TOD was observed to efficiently endow the EP thermoset with a higher LOI value, higher UL94 rating, and reduced total heat release in combustion. The introduction of 4 wt% TOD endowed the EP thermoset with a LOI value of 35.9%, UL94 V-0 rating, 42.4% decreased peak of heat release rate, 46.5% decreased total heat release, and slightly elevated char yields. The analyses of the thermal and combustion behaviors of the epoxy thermoset as well as the pyrolysis behavior of TOD together revealed that the free radical quenching effect, inert volatile diluting effect, charring effect, and char layer barrier jointly caused the high-efficiency flame retardant mechanism of TOD in the epoxy thermoset. This suggests a possibility to further improve the flame retardant efficiency of bi-or multi-group compounds by selecting proper bridge-linking between functional groups.

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“…In recent years, there is a high level of interest in using nanoscale fillers for preparing polymeric nanocomposites to improve thermal properties and flame retardancy of polymers . Typically, a significant reduction in the heat release rate (HRR) was observed in polypropylene/carbon nanotubes (PP/CNTs) nanocomposites with only 1 vol% of CNT content .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of nanosized carbon black on thermal stability and flame retardancy of polypropylene/carbon nanotubes nanocomposites

Wen

Tian

Gong

et al. 2013

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Nanosized carbon black (CB) was introduced into polypropylene/carbon nanotubes (PP/CNTs) nanocomposites to investigate the effect of multi‐component nanofillers on the thermal stability and flammability properties of PP. The obtained ternary nanocomposites displayed dramatically improved thermal stability compared with neat PP and PP/CNTs nanocomposites. Moreover, the flame retardancy of resultant nanocomposites was greatly improved with a significant reduction in peak heat release rate and increase of limited oxygen index value, and it was strongly dependent on the content of CB. This enhanced effect was attributed mainly to the formation of good carbon protective layers by CB and CNTs during combustion. Rheological properties further confirmed that CB played an important role on promoting the formation of crosslink network on the base of PP/CNTs system, which were also responsible for the improved thermal stability and flame retardancy of PP. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Flame retarded polymer nanocomposites: Development, trend and future perspective

Cited by 84 publications

References 121 publications

Synergistic flame‐retarded effect between carbon nanotubes and ammonium polyphosphate in Nylon6 and Nylon6/polystyrene blends

Synergistic flame‐retarded effect between carbon nanotubes and ammonium polyphosphate in Nylon6 and Nylon6/polystyrene blends

Flame-retardant effect of a novel phosphaphenanthrene/triazine-trione bi-group compound on an epoxy thermoset and its pyrolysis behaviour

Effect of nanosized carbon black on thermal stability and flame retardancy of polypropylene/carbon nanotubes nanocomposites

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