Flame Retardants from Renewable Sources: Food Waste, Plant Oils, and Starch

Flame‐retardant compounds for polymeric materials from an abundantly available, renewable biosource, castor oil

“…21,22 Castor oil was from Bulk Apothecary (Streetsboro, OH). 21,22 Castor oil was from Bulk Apothecary (Streetsboro, OH).…”

“…Common materials were obtained from commercial sources and purified as appropriate. 21,22 Castor oil was from Bulk Apothecary (Streetsboro, OH).…”

“…[21][22][23] Standard methodology for characterization using spectroscopic, chromatographic and thermal techniques was employed. [21][22][23] Standard methodology for characterization using spectroscopic, chromatographic and thermal techniques was employed.…”

“…Instrumentation used in the characterization of new materials has previously been described in detail. [21][22][23] Standard methodology for characterization using spectroscopic, chromatographic and thermal techniques was employed. [21][22][23]…”

Incorporation of Comonomer exo-5-(Diphenylphosphato)Isosorbide-2-endo-Acrylate to Generate Flame Retardant Poly(Styrene)

“…Toxicity of organophosphorus compounds is usually the consequence of a particular structure rather than a function of the compounds as a class. Organophosphorus compounds based on renewable biosources are particularly attractive [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49]. The precursors to these compounds are usually nontoxic, benign, or biodegradable in the environment, often renewable annually, and available at costs that are independent of fluctuations in petrochemical markets.…”