Flame retardant functional textiles

Gaan, Sabyasachi; Salimova, Viktoriya; Rupper, Patrick; Ritter, Axel; Schmid, Hans‐Joachim

doi:10.1533/9780857092878.98

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Since then, BDE-209 and hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD), in combination with antimony III oxide, have been the two most commonly used brominated flame retardants for backcoating of textiles. Textiles commonly back-coated with these chemicals include cottons, cottonpolyester blends, acrylics, nylon, polypropylene and polyester (63,65). These flame retardants are applied to the textile with a resin binder, for example an acrylic copolymer or ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (66).…”

Section: Soft Furnishingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

BDE-209 in the Australian Environment: Desktop review

English

Toms

Gallen

et al. 2016

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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The commercial polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardant mixture c-decaBDE is now being considered for listing on the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. The aim of our study was to review the literature regarding the use and detection of BDE-209, a major component of c-decaBDE, in consumer products and provide a best estimate of goods that are likely to contain BDE-209 in Australia. This review is part of a larger study, which will include quantitative testing of items to assess for BDE-209. The findings of this desktop review will be used to determine which items should be prioritized for quantitative testing. We identified that electronics, particularly televisions, computers, small household appliances and power boards, were the items that were most likely to contain BDE-209 in Australia. Further testing of these items should include items of various ages. Several other items were identified as high priority for future testing, including transport vehicles, building materials and textiles in non-domestic settings. The findings from this study will aid in the development of appropriate policies, should listing of c-decaBDE on the Stockholm Convention and Australia's ratification of that listing proceed.

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Section: Soft Furnishingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

BDE-209 in the Australian Environment: Desktop review

English

Toms

Gallen

et al. 2016

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…When exposed to the action of a flame or a heat flux, most textile materials easily ignite and burn: this behavior severely limits their utilization in several application fields, where fire resistance is mandatory. In this context, from the 1950s onwards, specific additives, i.e., embedded of surface-treated flame retardants (FRs) able to slow down the flame propagation and even to prevent the burning of materials have been designed and produced [1,2,3,4]. Specifically concerning fibers and fabrics, several classes of flame retardants have been developed to date, differing in chemical structure and composition, as well as the flame retardant mechanism involved [5,6,7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomacromolecules and Bio-Sourced Products for the Design of Flame Retarded Fabrics: Current State of the Art and Future Perspectives

Malucelli

2019

Molecules

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The search for possible alternatives to traditional flame retardants (FRs) is pushing the academic and industrial communities towards the design of new products that exhibit low environmental impact and toxicity, notwithstanding high performances, when put in contact with a flame or exposed to an irradiative heat flux. In this context, in the last five to ten years, the suitability and effectiveness of some biomacromolecules and bio-sourced products with a specific chemical structure and composition as effective flame retardants for natural or synthetic textiles has been thoroughly explored at the lab-scale level. In particular, different proteins (such as whey proteins, caseins, and hydrophobins), nucleic acids and extracts from natural sources, even wastes and crops, have been selected and exploited for designing flame retardant finishing treatments for several fibers and fabrics. It was found that these biomacromolecules and bio-sourced products, which usually bear key elements (i.e., nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulphur) can be easily applied to textiles using standard impregnation/exhaustion methods or even the layer-by-layer technique; moreover, these “green” products are mostly responsible for the formation of a stable protective char (i.e., a carbonaceous residue), as a result of the exposure of the textile substrate to a heat flux or a flame. This review is aimed at summarizing the development and the recent progress concerning the utilization of biomacromolecules/bio-sourced products as effective flame retardants for different textile materials. Furthermore, the existing drawbacks and limitations of the proposed finishing approaches as well as some possible further advances will be considered.

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“…The flammability of a textile material is a very complex phenomenon and depends on many factors including the type of polymer itself, construction of the textile, the type of chemical treatments and the test conditions. 38 Important fire indices, such as CHF, TRP, FIGRA and SOMGRA, employed in this study further provide an in-depth analysis of the sample thermal performance. Furthermore, the thermal performance indices indicated good thermal performance of firefighter garments in relation to other textile materials such as wool, silk and cotton tested in a study by Nazare et al 33 The use of the fire modelling indices confirmed the superior thermal performance of firefighter protective clothing.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brominated flame-retardant composition in firefighter bunker gear and its thermal performance analysis

Mokoana

Asante

Okonkwo

2021

Journal of Fire Sciences

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Firefighting bunker gear is manufactured from flame-retardant materials, which resist ignition and delay flame spread. However, concerns have been emerging on the potential harmful effects of some flame retardants (FRs) commonly used in flame-retarding materials, particularly the brominated flame retardants. This study investigated the presence of flame retardants in bunker gear, particularly polybrominated diphenyl ethers and their congeners in the garments, and evaluated their impact on thermal performance. X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy was used to ascertain the presence of bromine as a possible indicator for brominated flame retardants. X-ray fluorescence results indicated the presence of Br in all samples, ranging from 444 to 20,367 µg/g. Further analysis via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was done on samples. Brominated flame retardants, particularly polybrominated diphenyl ethers and hexabromocyclododecane, were detected in all samples with concentrations ranging from 261.61 to 1001.77 µg/g and 0.01 to 0.07 µg/g, respectively. The cone calorimeter was used, with 50 and 75 kW/m2 heat fluxes, to investigate the impact of the brominated flame-retardant concentrations, if any, on thermal performance. New bunker garments, particularly those with lower Br and brominated flame-retardant concentrations, were observed to have higher thermal performance.

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Flame retardant functional textiles

Cited by 23 publications

References 74 publications

BDE-209 in the Australian Environment: Desktop review

BDE-209 in the Australian Environment: Desktop review

Biomacromolecules and Bio-Sourced Products for the Design of Flame Retarded Fabrics: Current State of the Art and Future Perspectives

Brominated flame-retardant composition in firefighter bunker gear and its thermal performance analysis

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