Flame Retardance and Thermal Degradation of Intumescent Flame Retardant Polypropylene with Microencapsulated TPMP

Gao, Ming; Li, Hang; Feng, Wang

doi:10.1080/00102200903490228

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…When the flame retardant elements are incorporated into polymeric materials, the weight loss pattern of the polymers is altered. Phosphorus groups in flame retardant decompose at relatively low temperature to form a heat‐resistant char, to retard the weight loss rate of the polymers at high temperatures [11–15]. Melamine groups decompose at temperatures above 350°C releasing ammonia gas and forming high thermal‐stable melam and melem products [13, 16].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermal degradation and flame retardance of epoxy resins containing a microencapsulated flame retardant

Gao

2012

Vinyl Additive Technology

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Two steps were used in the synthesis of a microencapsulated intumescent flame retardant (MIFR). First bis (1‐oxo‐2,6,7‐trioxa‐l‐phosphabicyclo[2.2.2]octane‐4‐methylol) phosphate melaminium salt (Melabis) was synthesized. Then the Melabis was encapsulated with melamine resin to obtain the MIFR. Its structure was characterized by XPS, SEM, and elemental analysis, and the factors affecting microencapsulation were identified and discussed. Epoxy resins (EP) were modified with the MIFR to prepare flame‐retardant EP, whose flammability and burning behavior were characterized by UL 94 and limiting oxygen index (LOI) tests. The microcapsules (20% by weight) were added to EP in order to achieve an LOI of 29.5% and a UL 94 rating of V‐0. The thermal properties of epoxy resins containing the MIFR were investigated by thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermogravimetry (DTG). The FR decreased by weight loss, Rmax (the maximum weight loss rate), and the thermal stability of EP while promoting the formation of an effective charring layer. The char structures were studied by SEM. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 2012. © 2012 Society of Plastics Engineers

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microcapsules were synthesized as in Refs 11. and12. Melabis (10 g) was first dispersed in 25 mL of water, and 0.2% of Polysorbate 80 as emulsifier and surfactant was mixed in which stirring for 30 min (1000 rpm).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal degradation and flame retardance of epoxy resins containing a microencapsulated flame retardant

Gao

2012

Vinyl Additive Technology

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“…Melamine is an important part of traditional intumescent flame retardant (IFR) system, which is commonly used as a blowing agent in IFR. Melamine and its salts are widely used in the flame retardant polymer, compared with other inorganic flame retardants, their outstanding properties, such as low cost, low toxicity, and high efficiency, will make them become useful replacements of the conventional halogenated flame retardants . For instance, melamine cyanurate (MCA) was utilized as an environmental friendly additive to prepare the nonhalogen flame retardant MCA/Nylon 66 composites by melt blending technique .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two series of inorganic melamine salts as flame retardants and smoke suppressants for flexible PVC

Liu

et al. 2016

Polymer Composites

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Two series of inorganic melamine salts containing a tungstate or molybdate were synthesized as a flame retardant and smoke suppressant for flexible PVC, and their flame retardancy and smoke suppression were studied by limiting oxygen index (LOI), smoke density rating (SDR) test, cone calorimeter, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It can be found that the presence of melamine tungstate or melamine molybdate causes an obvious increase in LOI and a decrease in SDR. The cone calorimeter results reveal that melamine tungstate or melamine molybdate can clearly change the decomposition behavior of PVC and form a char layer on the surface of the composites, consequently resulting in efficient reduction of the flammability parameters, such as heat release rate, smoke production rate, total smoke production, and so on. The TGA and SEM results demonstrate that melamine tungstate can delay the degradation of PVC and improve the stability of the char residue. Moreover, melamine molybdate and the PVC matrix form a novel intumescent flame retardant and smoke suppression system, in which the PVC matrix acts as the carbonization agent and molybdate as the acid source (Lewis acid). Molybdate can catalyze the dehydrochlorination reaction and promote the cross-linking reaction of PVC effectively. Melamine (MA) and the released hydrogen chloride can act as the blowing agent, which enhance the intumescence of the char. POLYM. COMPOS., 00:000-000, 2016.

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“…However, as low molecular compound, PER is not compatible with iPP, which makes the mechanical properties of iPP/APP/ PER composites very poor [ 22]. In recent years, many new compounds such as starch [ 23], Tri(1‐oxo‐2,6,7‐trioxa‐1‐phosphabicyclo[2,2,2]methylene‐4)phosphate (TPMP) and microencapsulated TPMP (MC‐TPMP) [ 24], polyamide [ 25], bis(2,6,7‐trioxa‐1‐phosphabicyclo [2.2.2] octane‐1‐oxo‐4‐hydroxymethyl) phenylphosphonate (BCPPO) [ 26], β‐cyclodextrin containing silicone oligomer [ 27], pentaerythritol spirobisphosphoryl‐dicyandiamide (SPDC) [ 28], triazine‐containing macromolecules[ 29] etc., are developed as char forming agents. These compounds acting as char forming agents may increase the mechanical property and flame‐retardant property of iPP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synergistic effects of polyethylene glycol and ammonium polyphosphate on intumescent flame‐retardant polypropylene

Liu

Yan

et al. 2012

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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A novel flame-retardant system of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) is prepared using polyethylene glycol (PEG) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP). The flammability of iPP/PEG/APP composites containing 20 wt% APP improves with the increase of PEG concentration in the range of 3-15 wt%. The limit oxygen index (LOI) of iPP/ PEG/APP composites reaches up to 30% with 15 wt% PEG concentration in the composites. At the same time, the mechanical properties of iPP/PEG/APP composites demonstrate that PEG can enhance toughness of iPP/APP composites. The results of cone calorimetry prove the synergistic effects of PEG and APP on intumescent flame-retardant iPP, and those of the thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) reveal that iPP/PEG/APP samples decompose faster than iPP/APP composites. Investigated by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), the morphology and structures of residues generated during LOI tests confirm the formation of effective char layer, and that the improvement of the flame retardancy and the impact strength of the composites are thanks to the presence of PEG. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 53:410-416, 2013. ª FIG. 3. HRR curves (a) and THR curves(b) of iPP and iPP/PEG/APP composites under a heat flux of 35 kW/m 2 . FIG. 4. TG (a) and DTG (b) curves of iPP and iPP/PEG/APP composites (Inset(a): A zoomed-in image).

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Flame Retardance and Thermal Degradation of Intumescent Flame Retardant Polypropylene with Microencapsulated TPMP

Cited by 7 publications

References 14 publications

Thermal degradation and flame retardance of epoxy resins containing a microencapsulated flame retardant

Thermal degradation and flame retardance of epoxy resins containing a microencapsulated flame retardant

Two series of inorganic melamine salts as flame retardants and smoke suppressants for flexible PVC

Synergistic effects of polyethylene glycol and ammonium polyphosphate on intumescent flame‐retardant polypropylene

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