Flame resistant lignocellulosic-mineral composite particleboards

Kozłowski, Ryszard; Mieleniak, B.; Helwig, Malgorzata; Przepiera, A.

doi:10.1016/s0141-3910(98)00145-1

Cited by 79 publications

(43 citation statements)

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“…00.14 formaldehyde ratio than in the previous study was caused due to casting by pressure method instead of freely [2]. The addition of fly ash to the particleboard affects the burning characteristics of particleboards [18]. In order to research the influence of fly ash on the combustion characteristics of particleboards, the experiments were carried out with five particleboards containing fly ash up to 16% (w/w) as a part of filler materials (fly ash+hazelnut shell).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Processing of urea‐formaldehyde‐based particleboard from hazelnut shell and improvement of its fire and water resistance

et al. 2009

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SUMMARYThe purpose of this study was to manufacture urea-formaldehyde-based particleboard from hazelnut shell and eliminate its disadvantages such as flammability, water absorption, swelling thickness by using fly ash and phenol-formaldehyde. Synthesized urea-formaldehyde and grained hazelnut shells were blended at different ratios ranging from 0.8 to 3.2 hazelnut shell/urea-formaldehyde and dried at 70 • C in an oven until constant weight was reached. In addition, other parameters affecting polymer composite particleboard from hazelnut shell and urea-formaldehyde were investigated to be the amount of fly ash, amount of phenol formaldehyde and the effects of these parameters on bending stress, limit oxygen index, water absorption capacity and swelling in the thickness. The optimization results showed that the maximum bending strength was 4.1N/mm 2 , at urea-formaldehyde ratio of 1.0, reaction temperature of 70 • C, reaction time of 25 min, hazelnut shell/urea-formaldehyde resin of 2.4 and mean particle size of 0.1 mm. Although the limited oxygen index and smoke density of composite particleboard without fly ash has 22.3 and 1.62, with fly ash of 16% (w/w) according to the filler has 38.2 and 1.47, respectively. Water absorption and increase in the swelling thickness exponentially decreased with increasing phenol formaldehyde.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other alternative binders, optional to synthetic resins, used for production of fire-resistant boards are calcium silicate, magnesite or other mineral bonding agents [17]. Three-layer boards with mineral particles in the face layers resistant to flame are manufactured [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing of urea‐formaldehyde‐based particleboard from hazelnut shell and improvement of its fire and water resistance

et al. 2009

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“…Natural cellulose fibers from cotton, flax, hemp, and sisal, have been utilized for millennia due to their outstanding properties in textile applications [276,277]. Furthermore, wood and non-woody plants such as bamboo have been applied extensively for the production of paper and cardboard both for printing and packaging applications [278][279][280].…”

Section: Cellulose Extraction From Wheat Bran and Oat Huskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processing, Valorization and Application of Bio-Waste Derived Compounds from Potato, Tomato, Olive and Cereals: A Review

Fritsch

Stäbler

Happel³

et al. 2017

Sustainability

138

102

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Abstract:The vast and ever-growing amount of agricultural and food wastes has become a major concern throughout the whole world. Therefore, strategies for their processing and value-added reuse are needed to enable a sustainable utilization of feedstocks and reduce the environmental burden. By-products of potato, tomato, cereals and olive arise in significant amounts in European countries and are consequently of high relevance. Due to their composition with various beneficial ingredients, the waste products can be valorized by different techniques leading to economic and environmental advantages. This paper focuses on the waste generation during industrial processing of potato, tomato, cereals and olives within the European Union and reviews state-of-the-art technologies for their valorization. Furthermore, current applications, future perspectives and challenges are discussed.

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“…In addition, ammonium ions of ammonium formate are likely to dissociate to ammonia, which may enhance the linkages in resins. (Orth, 1972, Kozlowski, et al, 1999Kronotec A.G., 2005) Recently, research studies have developed a new series of clays that are generated by treating clays with a alkyl substituted quaternary ammonium species. This treatment defoliates the clay, yielding structured materials with varying hydrophobic surfaces.…”

Section: Effect Of Aldehydes On Gel Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Curing of Composite Wood Products

Ragauskas¹

2006

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The overall objective of this program is to develop low temperature curing technologies for UF and PF resins. This will be accomplished by:• Identifying the rate limiting UF and PF curing reactions for current market resins;• Developing new catalysts to accelerate curing reactions at reduced press temperatures and times.In summary, these new curing technologies will improve the strength properties of the composite wood products and minimize the detrimental effects of wood extractives on the final product while significantly reducing energy costs for wood composites. Background:The low cost and proven performance of urea-formaldehyde (UF) and phenolformaldehyde (PF) resins have made them the most important adhesive systems for composite wood products such as, oriented strandboard (OSB), medium-density fiberboard (MDF), and particleboard (PB). Both UF and PF are most commonly applied to wood fibers, particles, and veneer as aqueous solutions. PF resins are manufactured from phenol and formaldehyde and have an affinity for wood surfaces. In the presence of sodium hydroxide and heat (215-235 o C), the PF resin polymerizes into a threedimensionally crosslinked network thereby providing bonding. The curing chemistry can be accelerated using organic esters such as, propylene carbonate, methyl formate or triacetin (i.e., α-and β-sets acceleration). These catalysts decrease press-time by a factor of 2 -7. The inclusion of the ester accelerator also improves the I.B. strength for dry and boiling tests.UF resins are prepared from urea and formaldehyde and are applied to wood fibers, particles, and flakes as an aqueous solution. These resins are the dominant adhesives for MDF and PB products. This resin has a natural affinity towards wood surfaces and in the presence of heat o C) and an acidic catalyst (or hardener), UF condenses into a 3-dimensionally crosslinked network thereby providing bonding.The formulation of UF resins was initially accomplished using a two-stage alkaline/acid set of reactions. The use of acid catalysts has significantly improved the curing process providing improved curing rates and products. Neither UF nor PF resins are chemically attached to the wood fibers; instead, the adhesion is attributed to secondary bonding and/or physical bonding. The lack of chemical bonding to wood makes the physical performance of the cured resins susceptible to the presence of extractives in wood. One of the main differences between PF and UF products lies in the water resistance of PF as opposed to UF.

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Flame resistant lignocellulosic-mineral composite particleboards

Cited by 79 publications

References 1 publication

Processing of urea‐formaldehyde‐based particleboard from hazelnut shell and improvement of its fire and water resistance

Processing of urea‐formaldehyde‐based particleboard from hazelnut shell and improvement of its fire and water resistance

Processing, Valorization and Application of Bio-Waste Derived Compounds from Potato, Tomato, Olive and Cereals: A Review

Fast Curing of Composite Wood Products

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