Flame propagation in the mixtures of O2/N2 oxidizer with fluorinated propene refrigerants (CH2CFCF3, CHFCHCF3, CH2CHCF3)

Babushok, Valeri I.; Burgess, Donald R.; Hegetschweiler, Michael J.; Linteris, Gregory T.

doi:10.1080/00102202.2020.1720663

Cited by 27 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…In the present project, the mechanism was further refined and updated with new rates and thermodynamic data appearing in the literature. As a result, the mechanism can accurately predict the existing experimental burning velocity data in the literature for one-and two-carbon HFCs 47 and fluoropropenes (HFOs) 48 . Since it has not been extensively tested with data for blends of refrigerants, the present work collected new burning velocity data for R-152a/134a, and R-152a/1234yf blends.…”

Section: E681 Tests and Japanesementioning

confidence: 71%

“…As indicated, the mechanism does a very good job of predicting the burning velocity for these conditions. A similar comparison has been performed for other refrigerants [46][47][48] . The different data sets on each frame correspond to different molar ratios of the two constituents, as indicated on the curve labels.…”

Section: E681 Tests and Japanesementioning

confidence: 84%

“…Early work at NIST developed a detailed kinetic model for HFC fire suppressants 44,45 and recent work has extended it to flames of pure refrigerants and air [46][47][48] . In the present project, the mechanism was further refined and updated with new rates and thermodynamic data appearing in the literature.…”

Section: E681 Tests and Japanesementioning

confidence: 99%

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Low-GWP alternative refrigerant blends for HFC-134a :

Domanski¹,

McLinden²,

Babushok³

et al. 2021

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This project addresses the objectives of the Statement of Need number WPSON-17-20 "No/Low Global Warming Potential Alternatives to Ozone Depleting Refrigerants." Its goal is to identify and demonstrate performance of low global-warming-potential (GWP), nonflammable refrigerants to replace HFC-134a in military environmental control units (ECUs). This project is a follow-on to the limited-scope project WP-2740, which used thermodynamic cycle simulation models alone to screen over 100 000 refrigerant blends and identified over 20 candidate HFC-134a replacements. In this study we narrow the pool of blend candidates down to three 'best' fluids, verify experimentally their flammability behavior, demonstrate their performance through tests in a military ECU in environmental chambers over a wide range of operating conditions, and extrapolate the laboratory-measured performance to ECUs equipped with optimized heat exchangers through first-principles-based simulations combined with machine-learning optimization methods. This Interim Report documents the work leading to the selection of three 'best' blends. This work included refrigerant blend tests in a laboratory mini-breadboard heat pump apparatus, fundamental measurements and modeling of thermophysical properties, two-phase heattransfer performance, and flammability behavior.

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Section: E681 Tests and Japanesementioning

confidence: 71%

Section: E681 Tests and Japanesementioning

confidence: 84%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Low-GWP alternative refrigerant blends for HFC-134a :

Domanski¹,

McLinden²,

Babushok³

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Early work at NIST developed a detailed kinetic model for HFC fire suppressants [64,65] and recent work has extended it to flames of pure refrigerants and air [66][67][68]. In the present project, the mechanism was further refined and updated with new rates and thermodynamic data appearing in the literature.…”

Section: Task 2: Flammability Testing 421 Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-GWP non-flammable alternative refrigerant blends for HFC-134a :

Domanski

2023

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This project addresses the objectives of the Statement of Need number WPSON-17-20 No/Low Global Warming Potential Alternatives to Ozone Depleting Refrigerants. Its goal was to identify low global-warming-potential (GWP), non-flammable refrigerants to replace HFC-134a (GWP=1300) in military environmental control units (ECUs) and to demonstrate their performance. This work is a follow-on to the limited-scope project WP-2740, which used thermodynamic cycle simulation models alone to screen over 100 000 refrigerant blends and identified over 20 candidate HFC-134a replacements. In the present study we narrowed the pool of blend candidates down to three best blends, demonstrated their performance through drop-in tests in a military ECU in environmental chambers over a wide range of operating conditions, and extrapolated the laboratory-measured performance to that of ECUs equipped with modified compressor for each blend to provide the same system capacity while maintaining the isentropic efficiency of the original HFC-134a compressor. The project involved preliminary experimental and analytical tasks in support of the final project task. These included measurements of thermodynamic and transport properties of the novel fluids considered and an update of simulation methods for these properties, fundamental tests exploring the flammability characteristics including calculation methods, fundamental measurements and modeling of forced-convection heat transfer performance, and measurements of cycle performance of candidate blends in a laboratory mini-breadboard heat pump apparatus as the final qualification step of the best blends for full-scale testing in the ECU. The project s conclusion is that R-513A (GWP=573) and a blend we call Tern-1 [R-134a/1234yf/1234ze(E) (49.2/33.9/16.9*), GWP=640] are good replacement blends for HFC-134a offering a similar performance at GWP reduction of 66 % and 51 %, respectively. These fluids do not present any significant application difficulties. If greater reduction in GWP is desirable, R-515B (GWP=344) and CO2 (GWP=1) can be considered but they require further challenging research and developmental work. In the above blend selection, we adopted the ASTM E681 test method as stipulated by ASHRAE Standard 34 for qualifying non-flammability of refrigerants. If military requirements for non-flammability are more stringent than the E681 standard, a smaller reduction of GWP will be possible with qualifying blends.

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“…Four sub-mechanisms form the framework for the kinetic model: 1) GRI-Mech 3.0 [45], which includes reactions important for high-temperature oxidation of hydrocarbons up to C3 species; 2) the NIST C1-C2 hydrofluorocarbon model [46] with modifications [47,48], developed to describe hydrocarbon flames with added HFC fire suppressants; 3) the C3-hydrofluorocarbon reactions developed for flame inhibition by heptafluoropropane (R-227ea, FM-200) [49] and 2-bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (2-BTP) [40,41], which is a bromo-substituted fluoropropene; and 4) the model for the decomposition of 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene, 1,3,3,3tetrafluoropropene, 3,3,3-trifluoropropene [43,44]. Several rate constants of the model were adjusted, based on reaction pathway and sensitivity analyses, to obtain agreement with experimental data for the burning velocities for the set of HFC refrigerants.…”

Section: Kinetic Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling of combustion of fluorine-containing refrigerants

Babushok¹,

Burgess²,

Kim³

et al. 2021

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A gas-phase chemical kinetic model for the combustion of C1-C3 fluorine-containing refrigerants is presented, including a list of relevant species, their thermodynamic and transport properties, and the Arrhenius parameters for their reactions. Also included are tables of available experimental data in the literature for the laminar burning velocities for these HFC refrigerants and their mixtures. A comparison is made between the experimental data and predicted burning velocities as a function of the fuel-air equivalence ratio for the refrigerants. The model has been developed for the refrigerants: R-32, R-125, R-134a, R-152a, R-143, R-143a, R-1234yf, R-1234ze(E), R-1243zf and their mixtures. Agreement between predicted and measured burning velocity is very good for most of the refrigerant mixtures, and reasonably good agreement for a few.

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Flame propagation in the mixtures of O₂/N₂ oxidizer with fluorinated propene refrigerants (CH₂CFCF₃, CHFCHCF₃, CH₂CHCF₃)

Cited by 27 publications

References 40 publications

Low-GWP alternative refrigerant blends for HFC-134a :

Low-GWP alternative refrigerant blends for HFC-134a :

Low-GWP non-flammable alternative refrigerant blends for HFC-134a :

Modeling of combustion of fluorine-containing refrigerants

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