A gas-phase chemical kinetic model for the combustion of C1-C3 fluorine-containing refrigerants is presented, including a list of relevant species, their thermodynamic and transport properties, and the Arrhenius parameters for their reactions. Also included are tables of available experimental data in the literature for the laminar burning velocities for these HFC refrigerants and their mixtures. A comparison is made between the experimental data and predicted burning velocities as a function of the fuel-air equivalence ratio for the refrigerants. The model has been developed for the refrigerants: R-32, R-125, R-134a, R-152a, R-143, R-143a, R-1234yf, R-1234ze(E), R-1243zf and their mixtures. Agreement between predicted and measured burning velocity is very good for most of the refrigerant mixtures, and reasonably good agreement for a few.
This project addresses the objectives of the Statement of Need number WPSON-17-20 "No/Low Global Warming Potential Alternatives to Ozone Depleting Refrigerants." Its goal is to identify and demonstrate performance of low global-warming-potential (GWP), nonflammable refrigerants to replace HFC-134a in military environmental control units (ECUs). This project is a follow-on to the limited-scope project WP-2740, which used thermodynamic cycle simulation models alone to screen over 100 000 refrigerant blends and identified over 20 candidate HFC-134a replacements. In this study we narrow the pool of blend candidates down to three 'best' fluids, verify experimentally their flammability behavior, demonstrate their performance through tests in a military ECU in environmental chambers over a wide range of operating conditions, and extrapolate the laboratory-measured performance to ECUs equipped with optimized heat exchangers through first-principles-based simulations combined with machine-learning optimization methods. This Interim Report documents the work leading to the selection of three 'best' blends. This work included refrigerant blend tests in a laboratory mini-breadboard heat pump apparatus, fundamental measurements and modeling of thermophysical properties, two-phase heattransfer performance, and flammability behavior.
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