Flame-Based Technologies and Reactive Spray Deposition Technology for Low-Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Technical and Economic Aspects

Abstract

The economic and technical breakthroughs in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) for commercial success still depend on high-quality manufacture, reliability, efficiency, and must have an acceptable cost when compared to competing technologies. The application of flame-based technologies as a one-step deposition technique for SOFC component manufacture has potential to reduce both cost and production time. In this article, cells produced by flame processes have been reviewed with emphases placed on the Reactive Spray Deposition Technology technique. Various experimental methods and examples for the synthesis of porous electrodes and dense electrolytes are reviewed. The studies focus on determining the range of the flame conditions under which each of the individual cell components for low temperature SOFC applications~600°C could be successfully deposited.

Lanthanum chromite based perovskites for oxygen transport membrane

“…Table 4 Advantages and disadvantages of various perovskite oxides [69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76]. Table 5 Advantages and disadvantages of various fabrication techniques [87][88][89][90][91][92]98]. Table 6 Mechanical properties of various doped Lanthanum chromite materials [110,155,[193][194][195][196][197].…”

Flame aerosol synthesis of nanostructured materials and functional devices: Processing, modeling, and diagnostics

“…Basically, the crystalline sizes measured by XRD (d XRD ) or specific surface area (SSA) sizes of the nanoparticles in the FSP-deposited films are about 10-20 nm; and usually those made by FSP-based VAFS deposition are much smaller at 3-10 nm due to the high quenching rates. Remarkably, between these two kinds of VAFS-and FSP-deposition techniques, Maric and co-workers [420]- [424] have developed a scalable novel flame deposition process, also known as reactive spray deposition technology (RSDT), which can achieve extra narrow particle-size distributions of 0.5-2 nm for pre-deposited nanoparticles. Nevertheless, the sizes of particles in most FAD processes are usually larger than 1.6 nm, as seen in the plot of Fig.…”

Ultra-low NO2 detection by gamma WO3 synthesized by Reactive Spray Deposition Technology

“…The sensitivity of porous WO 3 increases when the particle size is below its Debye length ( D ) which is 25 nm [38]. RSDT is a subset of flame spray pyrolysis which was developed by Maric et al [39] for the synthesis of nanoparticles. This process can employ a broad selection of precursors [40][41][42][43][44][45][46] compared to conventional vapor-fed flame reactors.…”

“…RSDT provides complete control of the nanoparticle size, crystallinity [49], porosity, film thickness, and support concentration [47]. Ability to control the substrate temperature from 20 to 1000 • C enables the use of a wide array of substrates [39]. We have successfully used RSDT for the synthesis of various nanomaterials [41,43,46,[48][49][50][51].…”