Flagellin peptide flg22 gains access to long-distance trafficking in Arabidopsis via its receptor, FLS2

Jeleńska, Joanna; Davern, Sandra; Standaert, Robert F.; Mirzadeh, Saed; Greenberg, Jean T.

doi:10.1093/jxb/erx060

Cited by 40 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 73 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…This difference may result from different electrical charges in the three peptides, as CLE26 has one more arginine than CLE25, and CLE45 has two more arginines than CLE25. We also cannot rule out other mechanisms, such as specific membrane transport, which may contribute to different transport patterns (Botha et al ., ; Jelenska et al ., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cargo‐dependent and cell wall‐associated xylem transport in Arabidopsis

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summary Sap molecules are transported by xylem flow throughout the whole plant body. Factors regulating the xylem transport of different molecules remain to be identified. We used fluorophores to visualize xylem transport from roots to leaves in Arabidopsis thaliana. Several previously established Arabidopsis lines with modified xylem cell walls were used to determine the contribution of xylem cell walls to xylem transport. Fluorophores underwent xylem flow‐dependent transport from roots to leaves within 20 min. A comparison of rhodamine, fluorescein and three fluorescently labeled CLV3/ESR‐related (CLE) peptides revealed cargo‐dependent xylem transport patterns in terms of leaf position and vein order. Only minor changes in amino acid sequence were sufficient to alter the xylem transport patterns of the labeled CLE peptides. We found that the xylem transport pattern of fluorescein was affected in Arabidopsis lines with modified AtXYN1, LAC4 or CCoAOMT1 expression. In these lines, application of a defense inducer, pipecolic acid, to roots resulted in altered defense response patterns in leaves, whereas all the lines showed wild‐type‐like responses when pipecolic acid was sprayed onto leaves. The combined results reveal a finely controlled cargo‐dependent xylem transport and suggest that the xylem cell wall structure is crucial for this transport system.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Cargo‐dependent and cell wall‐associated xylem transport in Arabidopsis

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The flg22 bacterial peptide was also able to reduce stomatal development in our experiments. Recent evidence shows that flg22 is itself potentially mobile (Jelenska, Davern, Standaert, Mirzadeh, & Greenberg, ), but its effect in distal tissues remains unknown and was not explored here. Instead, by studying Arabidopsis genotypes with defects in defence responses and by applying chemical defence elicitors, we have shown that the FLS2 flagellin receptor, SA production, and the AZI1 protein are most probably required to perceive the bacterial stress signal and to generate and/or perceive a yet unknown systemic developmental signal (Figures and ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial infection systemically suppresses stomatal density

Dutton

Hõrak

Hepworth

et al. 2019

Plant Cell & Environment

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Many plant pathogens gain entry to their host via stomata. On sensing attack, plants close these pores to restrict pathogen entry. Here, we show that plants exhibit a second longer term stomatal response to pathogens. Following infection, the subsequent development of leaves is altered via a systemic signal. This reduces the density of stomata formed, thus providing fewer entry points for pathogens on new leaves. Arabidopsis thaliana leaves produced after infection by a bacterial pathogen that infects through the stomata (Pseudomonas syringae) developed larger epidermal pavement cells and stomata and consequently had up to 20% reductions in stomatal density. The bacterial peptide flg22 or the phytohormone salicylic acid induced similar systemic reductions in stomatal density suggesting that they might mediate this effect. In addition, flagellin receptors, salicylic acid accumulation, and the lipid transfer protein AZI1 were all required for this developmental response. Furthermore, manipulation of stomatal density affected the level of bacterial colonization, and plants with reduced stomatal density showed slower disease progression. We propose that following infection, development of new leaves is altered by a signalling pathway with some commonalities to systemic acquired resistance. This acts to reduce the potential for future infection by providing fewer stomatal openings.

show abstract

“…Another LRR-RLK receptor, FLAGELLIN SENSING 2 (FLS2), is involved in recognising MAMP and binds to flg22, which is a 22-amino-acid peptide that is present in the N-terminal part of a flagellin. Recognising flg22 leads to rapid extracellular alkalisation, ROS production, the activation of a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade and the upregulation of pathogenesis-related genes in A. thaliana [104,105]. flg22 from the rhizobacterium B. phytofirmans had weak elicitory activity on grapevine but a potent activity on A. thaliana .…”

Section: Plant Genetic Features That Are Involved In Interactions mentioning

confidence: 99%

Defining the Genetic Basis of Plant–Endophytic Bacteria Interactions

Piński

Betekhtin

Hupert-Kocurek

et al. 2019

IJMS

115

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Endophytic bacteria, which interact closely with their host, are an essential part of the plant microbiome. These interactions enhance plant tolerance to environmental changes as well as promote plant growth, thus they have become attractive targets for increasing crop production. Numerous studies have aimed to characterise how endophytic bacteria infect and colonise their hosts as well as conferring important traits to the plant. In this review, we summarise the current knowledge regarding endophytic colonisation and focus on the insights that have been obtained from the mutants of bacteria and plants as well as ‘omic analyses. These show how endophytic bacteria produce various molecules and have a range of activities related to chemotaxis, motility, adhesion, bacterial cell wall properties, secretion, regulating transcription and utilising a substrate in order to establish a successful interaction. Colonisation is mediated by plant receptors and is regulated by the signalling that is connected with phytohormones such as auxin and jasmonic (JA) and salicylic acids (SA). We also highlight changes in the expression of small RNAs and modifications of the cell wall properties. Moreover, in order to exploit the beneficial plant-endophytic bacteria interactions in agriculture successfully, we show that the key aspects that govern successful interactions remain to be defined.

show abstract

Flagellin peptide flg22 gains access to long-distance trafficking in Arabidopsis via its receptor, FLS2

Abstract: HighlightReceptor-mediated endocytosis enables flg22 internalization, trafficking to vacuoles, entry to vasculature and mobilization to distal tissues. Receptors can function similarly to transporters and allow uptake and long-distance transport of molecules.

Cited by 40 publications

References 73 publications

Cargo‐dependent and cell wall‐associated xylem transport in Arabidopsis

Cargo‐dependent and cell wall‐associated xylem transport in Arabidopsis

Bacterial infection systemically suppresses stomatal density

Defining the Genetic Basis of Plant–Endophytic Bacteria Interactions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About