Flag choice and Port State Control inspections—Empirical evidence using a simultaneous model

Fan, Lixian; Luo, Meifeng; Yin, Jinbo

doi:10.1016/j.tranpol.2014.04.008

Cited by 42 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The accident probability of the ships registered with open flags is 25.00% higher than those with closed registered flags. This result suggests the low quality of vessels flying open flags which confirms to the results from Li et al 6 and Fan et al 14 The change rates of the posterior probabilities are the same for the identified key deficiency items. It indicates an 11.11% higher probability for the vessels with one of the four deficiencies than those without.…”

Section: Model Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…In total, 56% of the ships are classified by an IACS classification society which may to some extent suggest the quality consideration of the ship owners as an IACS classification society is usually regarded as a more qualified classification agency. 14 The accident variable is used to describe whether there is an accident for each ship. The prior probability suggests that the probability of ship accident is around 9%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to these regulations, two important measures have also been proposed, that is, flag state control (FSC) and PSC. 14 Obviously, the flag state should be juristically responsible for monitoring the ship flying their flags which is true in the early stage. However, some flag states have no ability to control the ships under their flags, such as open flag states.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The efficiency improvement of port state control based on ship accident Bayesian networks

Fan

Zhang

Yin

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O:

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Ship accident has always been the focus in shipping and it is concerned by port state authorities. This study tries to investigate the impact of various factors on ship accident along with the port state's detected deficiency items. Very importantly, it manages to identify the structural connections between the checked deficiency items. The data used in this study are mainly from Lloyd's register of shipping, International Maritime Organization and Tokyo Memorandum of Understanding, with a total of 64,847 observations obtained. The Bayesian network model is employed and the Greedy thick thinning and Bayesian search algorithms are used to learn the structural networks. In addition to the impacts of the deficiency items and the ship inherent attributes on ship accidents, this study identifies some key deficiency items for port states. It also analyzes the intense connections between the key deficiency items with others. This helps simplify the port state's inspection procedure and improve operational efficiency.

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Section: Model Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The efficiency improvement of port state control based on ship accident Bayesian networks

Fan

Zhang

Yin

et al. 2018

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part O:

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“…As the process does not involve ship owners the development of the PSC, like other pieces of legislation, did not provide an opportunity to the ship owners to object to the new regime. For the relatively unscrupulous ship owners PSC continues to be seen as a deterrent and over the last three decades there has been considerable interest in enhancing its inspection and control mechanisms from both practitioners (Lowry, 2007) and academics (Heija et al, 2011;Fan et al, 2014).…”

Section: Regulating the International Maritime Industry: Internationamentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional and territorial jurisdictions: Regulating a globalized shipping industry

Howell

Bhattacharya

2016

Journal of Transport Geography

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Globalization undermines the effectiveness of state-based regulation and implies the need for alternative mechanisms. Regulatory control exercised by international or European institutions provides scope for understanding functionalist rationales when comprehending the construction of 'ocean space'. This paper contributes to appreciating effective functional forms of regulation by investigating the enforcement practices and control in the international maritime tanker industry. Through a study of shipping we explore the extent that functional regulation has been implemented and how this may inform regulatory formation in other industries/sectors affected by global variables. In general, the study suggests that in the context of the shipping industry functionalism has undergone a metamorphosis in terms of normative underpinning; rather than identifying peace as the basis of non-state regulatory initiative it is triggered by wider populist views regarding political ecology (ecopolitics) and environmental sustainability. 'Ocean space' and mobilities are constructed through normative considerations that rely on agencies beyond the nation-state and implementation of regulation through functional variables.

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“…In addition, academic studies that discussed the role of flag states in the risk or safety assessment have confirmed that flag states govern the number of deficiencies and it is one of the primary indicators that influence the vessel safety level. 21–32 For the evaluation of a flag state performance in the Paris and Tokyo MOUs, the Black/Gray/White (BGW) lists are generated on the basis of the number of inspections and detentions over three consecutive years, assuming that the number of detentions follows a binominal distribution. Blacklisted flag states are assessed as very high risk level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The similarity analysis of Port State Control regimes based on the performance of flag states

Kara

Okşaş

Kara

2019

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part M:

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Port State Control inspections play a paramount role in the enhancement of maritime safety. Port State Control regimes were established to ensure sustainability of Port State Control inspections. There are a total of 10 Port State Control regimes. Although all of these Port State Control regimes inspect foreign flag ships calling on their ports in compliance with international maritime safety and pollution regulations, still different implementations exist between these Port State Control regimes. According to the detentions, 73% of flag states have different performances in Port State Control regimes. However, the uniformity in inspections and detentions is quite important in the improvement of the effectiveness of Port State Control inspections in the world. This study aims at assessing the similarities between the Port State Control regimes on the basis of the performance of flag states as regards their Port State Control inspections. The similarities of the Port State Control regimes are analyzed employing the hierarchical clustering method using the detention and deficiency rates similarity matrices, the risk levels similarity matrices of flag states, and the combined similarity matrix. Accordingly, similarities between Port State Control regimes are discussed relative to each other and the Paris memorandum of understanding.

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Flag choice and Port State Control inspections—Empirical evidence using a simultaneous model

Cited by 42 publications

References 26 publications

The efficiency improvement of port state control based on ship accident Bayesian networks

The efficiency improvement of port state control based on ship accident Bayesian networks

Functional and territorial jurisdictions: Regulating a globalized shipping industry

The similarity analysis of Port State Control regimes based on the performance of flag states

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