Fixing multiple waveguides induced by photorefractive solitons: directional couplers and beam splitters

Guo, Aqiang; Henry, Michael David; Salamo, Gregory J.; Segev, Mordechai; Wood, Gary L.

doi:10.1364/ol.26.001274

Cited by 38 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Furthermore, it provides electromagnetic fields with an exceptionally wide range of nonclassical effects. Most importantly this device has been implemented [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] and applied in many experimental approaches, e.g. in picosecond switching induced by saturable absorption [15], optical multi-mode interference devices based on self-imaging [16], and photonic bandgap structures in planar nonlinear waveguides [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Statistical Properties of the Codirectional Kerr Nonlinear Coupler in Terms of su 2 $\left (2\right ) $ Lie Group in Interaction with a Two-level Atom

2017

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The problem of the codirectional Kerr coupler has been considered several times from different point of view. In the present paper we introduce the interaction between a two-level atom and the codirectional Kerr nonlinear coupler in terms of su(2) Lie algebra. Under certain conditions we have adjusted the Kerr coupler and consequently we have managed to handle the problem. The wave function is obtained by using the evolution operator where the Heisnberg equation of motion is invoked to get the constants of the motion. We note that the Kerr parameter χ as well as the quantum number j plays the role of controlling the atomic inversion behavior. Also the maximum entanglement occurs after a short period of time when χ = 0. On the other hand for the entropy and the variance squeezing we observe that there is exchange between the quadrature variances. Furthermore, the variation in the quantum number j as well as in the parameter χ leads to increase or decrease in the number of fluctuations. Finally we examined the second order correlation function where classical and nonclassical phenomena are observed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum Statistical Properties of the Codirectional Kerr Nonlinear Coupler in Terms of su 2 $\left (2\right ) $ Lie Group in Interaction with a Two-level Atom

2017

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“…On the other hand, it is also possible to create long lasting waveguides by 'fixing' them in place [21,22]. More recently, the control of arrays of PR solitons has been demonstrated [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental control of steady state photorefractive self-focusing in InP:Fe at infrared wavelengths

2011

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This paper reports an experimental study of the self-focusing process in iron doped indium phosphide at an 1.06 micron wavelength, identifying the influence of temperature, beam intensity and background illumination for two different iron dopings. We point out that the iron ionization ratio is at the origin of different qualitative behavior previously reported and we show that it is possible to reproduce the said behaviors in the same crystal by applying a uniform illumination, allowing their eventual control for dynamic wave-guiding.

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“…Recently, it is recognized that the index changes induced by light illuminations in some photosensitive materials such as photopolymers 1 , glasses 2 , and photorefractive crystals [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] , can be utilized for fabricating integrated photonic devices. These photo-written or self-induction techniques, which offering direct, rapid, and cost-effective fabrications of three-dimensional (3-D) light circuits, attract more and more research interest in all over the world.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photo-written three-dimensional optical circuits in iron doped lithium niobate crystals

Zhang¹,

Zhao²,

et al. 2006

SPIE Proceedings

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We present our experimental results on fabricating optical waveguides by laser micromachining, structure-light illuminating, and optical spatial dark solitons in iron doped lithium niobate (LiNbO 3 :Fe) crystals. After that we propose a novel approach to fabricate three-dimensional (3-D) optical circuits in LiNbO 3 crystals by combining the three light-induction techniques listed above. By employing laser micromachining, a curved and a Y-branches waveguides are successfully fabricated. With binary and SLM-prepared optical masks, Y-branches and gradient planar waveguides are experimentally demonstrated. By utilizing one-dimensional (1-D) optical spatial dark solitons, planar, Y-branches, and square channel waveguides are formed. The results show that each of the three methods can be employed to write optical waveguides in LiNbO 3 crystals. By combing the three methods, 3-D light circuits can be created in 45º-cut bulk crystals by several procedures. Initially, a quasi-planar optical circuit is created in a thin layer of the crystal by structure-light illuminating with an optical mask. Then, a planar circuit is generated by utilizing a 1-D dark soltion. And then, form multi-layer planar circuits are formed by altering the positions of the crystal or writing beam. Finally, laser micromachining is used to link the different layers to form a 3-D light circuit. Furthermore, functional 3-D integrated optical system may be implemented by using the proposed approach.

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Fixing multiple waveguides induced by photorefractive solitons: directional couplers and beam splitters

Cited by 38 publications

References 20 publications

Quantum Statistical Properties of the Codirectional Kerr Nonlinear Coupler in Terms of su 2 $\left (2\right ) $ Lie Group in Interaction with a Two-level Atom

Quantum Statistical Properties of the Codirectional Kerr Nonlinear Coupler in Terms of su 2 $\left (2\right ) $ Lie Group in Interaction with a Two-level Atom

Experimental control of steady state photorefractive self-focusing in InP:Fe at infrared wavelengths

Photo-written three-dimensional optical circuits in iron doped lithium niobate crystals

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