Fixed-bed column adsorption study: a comprehensive review

Patel, Himanshu

doi:10.1007/s13201-019-0927-7

Cited by 477 publications

(265 citation statements)

References 101 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…In this work, the adsorption of Cr(III) on chitosan flakes was investigated considering concentrations The breakthrough curve should be symmetrical and sigmoid in shape; however, a deviation from a symmetrical S-shape and not very steep curves can be observed in Figure 5. The packed column was probably not very homogeneous (chitosan flakes seem to be inappropriate to be used in a packed column) and the flow-rate was too fast, causing physical non-equilibrium processes and high mass transfer zone [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium(III) Removal from Wastewater by Chitosan Flakes

et al. 2020

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Chitosan is very effective in removing metal ions through their adsorption. A preliminary investigation of the adsorption of chromium(III) by chitosan was carried out by means of batch tests as a function of contact time, pH, ion competition, and initial chromium(III) concentration. The rate of adsorption was rather rapid (t1/2 < 18 min) and influenced by the presence of other metal ions. The obtained data were tested using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and, based on R2 values, the former appeared better applicable than the latter. Chitosan was found to have an excellent loading capacity for chromium(III), namely 138.0 mg Cr per g of chitosan at pH = 3.8, but metal ions adsorption was strongly influenced by the pH. About 76% of the recovered chromium was then removed simply by washing the used chitosan with 0.1 M EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) solution. This study demonstrates that chitosan has the potential to become an effective and low-cost agent for wastewater treatment (e.g., tannery waste) and in situ environmental remediation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromium(III) Removal from Wastewater by Chitosan Flakes

et al. 2020

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“…The breakthrough curve (MTZ region) was obtained by fitting the experimental data of

as a function of the number of IVBs that have passed through the column (NIVB), using the Thomas model [ 34 ]. The Thomas model is the most widespread model and is used to describe the behavior of the adsorption process in fixed bed columns [ 22 ]. This model assumes plug flow behavior in the bed and can be described by Equation (6):

where

is the Thomas rate constant and

is the total capacity of the packed-bed column.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For large-scale water treatment, continuous flow operations using packed columns are more convenient than batch systems, since they are simple to operate, have a greater removal efficiency, and can treat large volumes of water [ 21 , 22 ]. When operating an adsorption process in a batch system, the final concentration of the solution cannot be lower than the equilibrium concentration; in contrast, in a packed column, the output concentration can be zero or very small for a long time; therefore, a large volume of high-purity solution can be obtained [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the reports on the use of fixed-bed columns for the adsorption of dyes or metal ions using low-cost biopolymer adsorbents such as chitosan composites are focused on the description and discussion of the effect of flow rate, pH, column height, and adsorbate concentration on the capacity of the columns at exhaustion [ 22 ]; however, it is necessary to know the adsorption capacity at both the breakthrough point and the exhaustion point to scale-up a column, since this two parameters allow the determination of the mass transfer zone (MTZ) and the MTZ length (H LUB ) [ 8 , 26 , 27 ]. The ratio of unused bed length to total bed length (H LUB /H T ratio) determines the efficiency of the process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Removal of Cu(II) by Fixed-Bed Columns Using Alg-Ch and Alg-ChS Hydrogel Beads: Effect of Operating Conditions on the Mass Transfer Zone

et al. 2020

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The removal of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solutions at a pH of 5.0 was carried out using fixed-bed columns packed with alginate-chitosan (Alg-Ch) or alginate-chitosan sulfate (Alg-ChS) hydrogel beads. The effect of the initial Cu(II) concentration, flow rate, pH, and height of the column on the amount of Cu removed by the column at the breakpoint and at the exhaustion point is reported. The pH of the solution at the column’s exit was initially higher than that at the entrance, and then decreased slowly. This pH increase was attributed to proton transfer from the aqueous solution to the amino and COO− groups of the hydrogel. The effect of operating conditions on the mass transfer zone (MTZ) and the length of the unused bed (HLUB) is reported. At the lower flow rate and lower Cu(II) concentration used, the MTZ was completely developed and the column operated efficiently; by increasing column height, the MTZ has a better opportunity to develop fully. Experimental data were fitted to the fixed-bed Thomas model using a non-linear regression analysis and a good correspondence between experimental and Thomas model curves was observed.

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“…As the size of the final adduct closely depends on the original size of the solid material, by using natural minerals with the appropriate size it is possible to produce HA solid adducts suitable for use in a fixed-bed column, a technology of common application in water purification [101]. Among the most studied aluminosilicates in this field are zeolitic tuffs and mineral clays.…”

Section: Sorption Onto Humic Acids-solid Materials Adductmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sorption of Organic Pollutants by Humic Acids: A Review

et al. 2020

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Humic acids (HA) are promising green materials for water and wastewater treatment. They show a strong ability to sorb cationic and hydrophobic organic pollutants. Cationic compounds interact mainly by electrostatic interaction with the deprotonated carboxylic groups of HA. Other functional groups of HA such as quinones, may form covalent bonds with aromatic ammines or similar organic compounds. Computational and experimental works show that the interaction of HA with hydrophobic organics is mainly due to π–π interactions, hydrophobic effect and hydrogen bonding. Several works report that sorbing efficiency is related to the hydrophobicity of the sorbate. Papers about the interaction between organic pollutants and humic acids dissolved in solution, in the solid state and adsorbed onto solid particles, like aluminosilicates and magnetic materials, are reviewed and discussed. A short discussion of the thermodynamics and kinetics of the sorption process, with indication of the main mistakes reported in literature, is also given.

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Fixed-bed column adsorption study: a comprehensive review

Cited by 477 publications

References 101 publications

Chromium(III) Removal from Wastewater by Chitosan Flakes

Chromium(III) Removal from Wastewater by Chitosan Flakes

Removal of Cu(II) by Fixed-Bed Columns Using Alg-Ch and Alg-ChS Hydrogel Beads: Effect of Operating Conditions on the Mass Transfer Zone

Sorption of Organic Pollutants by Humic Acids: A Review

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