Five-month comparative efficacy evaluation of three ectoparasiticides against adult cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis), flea egg hatch and emergence, and adult brown dog ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato) on dogs housed outdoors

Abstract

This study was designed to compare the efficacy of three topical combinations on dogs in outdoor conditions against adult cat fleas (Ctenocephalides felis), flea egg hatch and emergence, and against adult brown dog ticks (Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato). Treatment was performed on day 0 with a placebo; dinotefuran, pyriproxifen and permethrin (DPP); fipronil and (S)-methoprene (FM) or imidacloprid and permethrin (IP). Dogs (n = 32), housed outdoors for 7 months, were treated monthly for four consecutive months (on days 0, 30, 60 and 90) and infested with ~100 unfed adult fleas on days 14, 55, 74, 115 and 150 and with ~50 unfed adult ticks on days 28, 44, 88 and 104. Adult fleas were counted and removed 24 h after infestation. Immediately after flea removal, dogs were reinfested with ~100 new adult fleas 72 h prior to egg collection for up to 48 h. Flea eggs were incubated for 32 days, and newly emerged adults were counted. Ticks were counted and removed 48 h after each infestation. FM had >90 % efficacy against fleas at each time point and variable efficacy against ticks (38.0–99.6 %). Efficacy of IP was <90 % against fleas at day 64 and against ticks at day 30 of the first post-treatment. No flea eggs were laid in the treated groups until infestation was carried out >60 days after the last treatment. Despite challenging weather conditions, DPP was highly effective, providing >90 % efficacy against adult ticks as well as adult and immature fleas at every time point of the study.

Data collection for risk assessments on animal health (Acronym: DACRAH) : Final Report

“…External usetopic/spray (Varloud and Fourie, 2015) 4 out of 8 dogs treated with a combination of dinotefuran, pyriproxifen and permethrin still had ticks 29 days post-treatment (Varloud and Hodgkins, 2015) A combination of dinotefuran, pyriproxifen and permethrin offered an efficacy of 0.93 106 post-treatment (Dumont et al, 2015c) A combination of 6.76% fipronil and 50.48% permethrin offered a repellency at 24h of 95% 28 days post-treatment (Hellmann et al, 2003) A combination of Imidacloprid 10%/Permethrin 50% had an efficacy of 0.98 28 days post treatment (Varloud and Fourie, 2015) 1 out of 8 dogs treated with a combination of dinotefuran (4.95 %), pyriproxifen (0.44 %), and permethrin (36.08 %) had ticks 15 days post-treatment Dinotefuran EC 605-399-0 (Varloud and Fourie, 2015) Substance is very toxic to aquatic life, is very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects and is harmful if swallowed.…”

“…External usetopic/spray A combination of 6.76% fipronil and 50.48% permethrin offered an efficacy of 0.97 30 days post-treatment (Dumont et al, 2015c) A combination of 6.76% fipronil and 50.48% permethrin offered a repellency at 24h of 95% 28 days post-treatment (Varloud and Fourie, 2015) 5 out of 8 dogs treated with a combination of fipronil (9.8 %) and (S)-methoprene (8.8 %) had ticks 28 days post-treatment (Varloud and Hodgkins, 2015) A combination of fipronil (9.8 %) and (S)-methoprene (8.8 %) offered an efficacy of 0.86 106 post-treatment (Tiawsirisup et al, 2013) Fipronil (10%) had an efficacy of 0.9 28 days post-treatment (Kuzner et al, 2013) Fipronil had mean efficacy of 0.94 30 days post-treatment (Kunkle et al, 2012b) A combination of Fipronil/Amitraz/ (S)-Methoprene had a mortality effect (48h postexposure) of 0.99 2 days post-treatment The efficacy of a combination containing fipronil, amitraz and (S)-methoprene increased from 0.85 on day of treatment (mortality recorded 24h post-exposure) to 0.91 50 days later. (Brianti et al, 2010) A combination of fipronil 10% + (S)-methoprene 9% had an efficacy of 0.93 28 days post-treatment Fipronil had an efficacy of 0.89 42 days posttreatment (Hellmann et al, 2007) Fipronil had an efficacy of 0.89 56 days posttreatment (Hellmann et al, 2003) Fipronil had an efficacy of 0.89 28 days posttreament (Beugnet et al, 2016) combination of fipronil and permethrin had efficacy of 0.98 (tick mortality 24 hours postexposure)28 days post-treatment Amitraz EC 251-375-4 (Kunkle et al, 2012b) Substance is very toxic to aquatic life, is very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects, is harmful if swallowed, may cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure and may cause an allergic skin reaction.…”

“…External usetopic/spray 5 out of 8 dogs treated with a combination of fipronil (9.8 %) and (S)-methoprene (8.8 %) had ticks 28 days post-treatment (Varloud and Hodgkins, 2015) A combination of fipronil (9.8 %) and (S)-methoprene (8.8 %) offered an efficacy of 0.86 106 post-treatment (Kunkle et al, 2012b) A combination of Fipronil/Amitraz/ (S)-Methoprene had a mortality effect (48h postexposure) of 0.99 2 days post-treatment The efficacy of a combination containing fipronil, amitraz and (S)-methoprene increased from 0.85 on day of treatment (mortality recorded 24h post-exposure) to 0.91 50 days later. (Brianti et al, 2010) A combination of fipronil 10% + (S)-methoprene 9% had an efficacy of 0.…”

“…External usecollar/ear tag 4 out of 8 dogs treated with a combination of dinotefuran, pyriproxifen and permethrin had ticks 29 days post-treatment (Varloud and Hodgkins, 2015) A combination of dinotefuran, pyriproxifen and permethrin offered an efficacy of 0.93 106 post-treatment Pyriproxifen EC 619-166-6 (Varloud and Fourie, 2015) Substance is very toxic to aquatic life and is very toxic to aquatic life with long lasting effects.…”

“…External usetopic/spray 8 out of 8 dogs treated with a combination of imidacloprid (8.8 %) and permethrin (44.0 %) still had ticks 29 days post-treatment (Varloud and Hodgkins, 2015) A combination of Imidacloprid/permethrin had a mean efficacy of 0.9 30 days posttreatment (Kunkle et al, 2012b) A combination of Imidacloprid/Permethrin had a mortality effect (48h post-exposure) of 0.75 2 days post-treatment (McCall et al, 2004) A combination of Imidacloprid/Permethrin had an efficacy of 0.68 21 days post treatment (McCall et Imidacloprid alone had an efficacy of 0.27 21 DACRAH Disclaimer: The present document has been produced and adopted by the bodies identified above as author(s). This task has been carried out exclusively by the author(s) in the context of a contract between the European Food Safety Authority and the author(s), awarded following a tender procedure.…”