Five energy generations of tall buildings: an historical analysis of energy consumption in high-rise buildings

Oldfield, Philip; Trabucco, Dario; Wood, Antony

doi:10.1080/13602360903119405

Cited by 60 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Thus, a city with short and small buildings versus a city comprised of tall and large buildings will have different energy demands in terms of energetic operational and maintenance costs, dependency on artificial lightning, and heating and cooling (Roaf et al 2005). Although new sustainable designs for tall buildings focus more and more on reducing primary energy consumption, but their widespread application is still limited (Oldfield et al 2009). During one of the fastest urbanizing periods in the world, from 1975 to 2010, the number of buildings worldwide with heights greater than 200 m increased 38 times, from 28 to 1040 (Brass et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Building up or spreading out? Typologies of urban growth across 478 cities of 1 million+

Mahtta

Mahendra

Seto

2019

Environ. Res. Lett.

136

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Urban form in both two-(2D) and three-dimensions (3D) has significant impacts on local and global environments. Here we developed the largest global dataset characterizing 2D and 3D urban growth for 478 cities with populations of one million or larger. Using remote sensing data from the SeaWinds scatterometer for 2001 and 2009, and the Global Human Settlement Layer for 2000 and 2014, we applied a cluster analysis and found five urban growth typologies: stabilized, outward, mature upward, budding outward, upward and outward. Budding outward is the dominant typology worldwide, per the largest total area. Cities characterized by upward and outward growth are few in number and concentrated primarily in China and South Korea, where there has been a large increase in high-rises during the study period. With the exception of East Asia, cities within a geographic region exhibit remarkably similar patterns of urban growth. Our results show that every city exhibits multiple urban growth typologies concurrently. Thus, while it is possible to describe a city by its dominant urban growth typology, a more accurate and comprehensive characterization would include some combination of the five typologies. The implications of the results for urban sustainability are multifold. First, the results suggest that there is considerable opportunity to shape future patterns of urbanization, given that most of the new urban growth is nascent and low magnitude outward expansion. Second, the clear geographic patterns and wide variations in the physical form of urban growth, within country and city, suggest that markets, national and subnational policies, including the absence of, can shape how cities grow. Third, the presence of different typologies within each city suggests the need for differentiated strategies for different parts of a single city. Finally, the new urban forms revealed in this analysis provide a first glimpse into the carbon lock-in of recently constructed energy-demanding infrastructure of urban settlements.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Building up or spreading out? Typologies of urban growth across 478 cities of 1 million+

Mahtta

Mahendra

Seto

2019

Environ. Res. Lett.

136

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“…A trend emerging in contemporary tall buildings is the integration of low-or zero-carbon energy generation technologies (Oldfield, Trabucco and Wood, 2009). These include building integrated wind turbines and photovoltaic panels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A "Fabric-First" Approach to Sustainable Tall Building Design

Oldfield¹

2017

International Journal of High-Rise Buildings

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This research suggests the most effective way for improving energy efficiency in tall buildings is a "fabric-first" approach. This involves optimizing the performance of the building form and envelope as a first priority, with additional technologies a secondary consideration. The paper explores a specific fabric-first energy standard known as "Passivhaus". Buildings that meet this standard typically use 75% less heating and cooling. The results show tall buildings have an intrinsic advantage in achieving Passivhaus performance, as compared to low-rise buildings, due to their compact form, minimizing heat loss. This means high-rises can meet Passivhaus energy standards with double-glazing and moderate levels of insulation, as compared to other typologies where triple-glazing and super-insulation are commonplace. However, the author also suggests that designers need to develop strategies to minimize overheating in Passivhaus high-rises, and reduce the quantity of glazing typical in highrise residential buildings, to improve their energy efficiency.

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“…Los nuevos edificios orientan su rol principalmente a la imagen, empobreciéndose en sus otras características relacionadas con el logro del confort interior y la eficiencia energética. Esta tendencia se manifiesta en el debilitamiento y simplificación de la envolvente a través del incremento del uso del vidrio (Oldfield, Trabucco y Wood, 2009), lo cual conduce a una mayor complejidad y dependencia de los sistemas de control ambiental. En la provincia de Mendoza, Argentina, los usuarios residenciales fueron los responsables de la variación de casi dos terceras partes (63%) de la variación total de la demanda de energía eléctrica en todo el 2013.…”

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Ahorros en los consumos para enfriamiento de espacios interiores mediante la evaluación de sistemas de protección solar en edificios residenciales en altura. El caso de la "ciudad-oasis" de Mendoza, Argentina

Balter

Ganem

Discoli

2016

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This article analyzes the thermal and energy performance of high-rise residential buildings in the specific context of an oasis city. The aim of the study is to define adequate solar control systems in the envelope for each building material typology -heavyweight and lightweight-for two different housing height levels: above and below the tree canopy. By monitoring occupied dwellings, dynamic models were validated with Energy Plus software and proposed alternatives for solar protection were simulated. Energy savings for cooling were analyzed in apartments at low, middle and high levels. Results show that in the heavyweight building, the dwellings below the tree canopy do not require HVAC energy consumption to reach thermal comfort zones when exterior shading devices are used. While in units above the tree canopy, energy savings range from 32% to 42%. In the case of the lightweight building, apartments below the tree canopy present energy savings of approximately 53% and in those above the tree canopy savings are between 46% and 54%. The suitable dimensions of such elements constitute possible proposals for inclusion in local building regulations.

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Five energy generations of tall buildings: an historical analysis of energy consumption in high-rise buildings

Cited by 60 publications

References 8 publications

Building up or spreading out? Typologies of urban growth across 478 cities of 1 million+

Building up or spreading out? Typologies of urban growth across 478 cities of 1 million+

A "Fabric-First" Approach to Sustainable Tall Building Design

Ahorros en los consumos para enfriamiento de espacios interiores mediante la evaluación de sistemas de protección solar en edificios residenciales en altura. El caso de la "ciudad-oasis" de Mendoza, Argentina

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