Fitossociologia Da Vegetação Arbórea Do Parque Nacional Do Iguaçu

Abstract

RESUMOFitossociologia da Vegetação Arbórea do Parque Nacional do Iguaçu -O Parque Nacional do Iguaçu está inserido no Bioma Mata Atlântica, sendo considerado o maior Parque extra-amazônico brasileiro. Apesar de sua importância e expressiva área de superfície florestal, poucos são os estudos científicos relacionados à sua vegetação. Com o objetivo de atender esta demanda foi realizado inventário fitossociológico da vegetação arbórea por meio de parcelas instaladas em diferentes condições ambientais, buscando a máxima representatividade ambiental possível. Na classificação da vegetação por meio da TWINSPAN as florestas foram separadas inicialmente em ambientes montanos e submontanos. Uma região de transição entre as florestas estacionais e ombrófilas foi observada no ambiente montano, com altitude acima de 700 m. A Floresta Estacional Montana foi observada em altitudes entre 600 a 700 m e a Floresta Estacional Submontana, imediatamente abaixo, foi separada em duas subformações devido às variações fisionômicas regidas pela geomorfologia e variabilidade hídrica existente. A vegetação arbórea do Parque Nacional do Iguaçu é, de acordo com os resultados encontrados, um remanescente de grande relevância para a preservação das espécies florestais no sul do Brasil, entre as quais, se destacam Aspidosperma polyneuron Müll. Arg., Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze, Euterpe edulis Mart. e Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil. Palavras-chave: formações vegetais; classificação das parcelas; espécies indicadoras; espécies preferenciais. ABSTRACTPhytosociology of tree vegetation in Iguaçu National Park is inserted within Atlantic Forest biome and is considered the largest Brazilian non-Amazon Park. Despite its importance and its significant forest area, there are few scientific studies related to its vegetation. In order to meet this demand, we conducted a phytosociological inventory of the tree vegetation by means of plots installed in different environments, striving to achieve optimum environmental representation. In the classification of vegetation by TWINSPAN the forests were initially separated into ambient montane and submontane. An ecotone region between seasonal and araucaria forests was observed in the montane site, at an altitude above 700 m. The semideciduous forest montane was observed at altitudes of 600-700 meters. The Forest Seasonal Submontane in the lowlands was separated into two subformations, Typical and Humid, due to physiognomic variations regulated by geomorphology and humidity. According to the results, the tree vegetation of Iguaçu National Park is a remnant of great importance for the conservation of forest species in southern Brazil, among which stand out Aspidosperma polyneuron Müll. Arg., Araucaria angustifolia (Bertol.) Kuntze, Euterpe edulis Mart.

A new species of Phylloptera Serville, 1831 (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae, Phaneropterinae) from southern Brazil and lectotype designation for Phylloptera picta Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891

“…Both specimens were collected at the Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, the largest remnant of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest that once covered the region (e.g. Paviolo et al, 2016), in areas of Seasonal Semidecidual Forest (see Souza et al, 2017). We were able to find photos on the iNaturalist database (one from Misiones, Argentina and other from the region of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil), that Figure 5.…”

Effect of Environmental Variables in the Distribution of Tree Species in the Iguaçu National Park

“…In the right portion of the diagram, associated with the highest altitude and low fertility soils with high aluminum content, the characteristics of the Ecotone MOF/SSF environment in the PNI (Souza et al, 2017), were positioned the preferential species of ombrophylous forests A. angustifolia and I. paraguariensis (Saueressig, 2012). Reissmann et al (1999) identified I. paraguariensis occurring naturally also in acidic soils with high aluminum content.…”

“…Salamuni et al (2002) pointed out that this National Park presents two geomorphological compartments: (I) the Central and North region formed by a more rugged relief, locally steep relief, characterizing more elongated and carved interfluves with undulated hills to strongly undulated; (II) the southern region, formed by gently rolling to rolling hills, with predominance of tabular forms that, strictly speaking, are a constant in the Paraná basaltic spills. Souza et al (2017) have identified in the Park Eutrophic MELANIC Tb GLEISSOLO, Eutrophic REGOLITIC NEOSOLS, Dystrophic RED LATOSOL, Eutrophic RED LATOSOL and Eutrophic RED NITOSOL; the last two with the greatest recurrence. Bhering (2007) reported, in addition, the occurrence of ORTHIC RENDZIC CHERNOSOL, HAPLIC GLEISSOL and Eutrophic LITOLIC NEOSOL.…”

“…The predominant vegetation is of the Semideciduous Seasonal Forest (SSF) type, in the northern portion of the Park is observed an Ecotone of this vegetation with the Montana Mixed Ombrophylous Forest (MOF), at altitudes around 750 m. The SSF that occurs is divided into Montana (750 m) and Submontana (650 m) formations, the latter subdivided into two sub-formations: (I) Humid, in the valleys that accompany the water courses, where there is pedological variability and greater humidity, without occurrence of hydromorphism or alluvial deposition in the soil due to the bed of the watercourses being controlled by geological faults and; (II) Typical on plateaus with deep soils and lower humidity (Souza et al, 2017).…”

Forests of the Iguaçu National Park: Structure, Composition, and Richness

“…Forests in the INP are composed of different vegetation formations. Alluvial, Submontane and Montane formations of Semi-deciduous Forest (FES) predominate in the south and central regions and, in the north region, an ecotone between FES and Ombrophillous Mixed Forest (FOM), as well as Alluvial FOM are observed (Souza et al, 2017).…”