Fitoquímica De Lippia Citriodora K cultivada en Ecuador y su actividad biológica.// Phytochemistry of Lippia citriodora K grown in Ecuador and its biological activity

Abstract

Se realizó un estudio fitoquímico de metabolitos secundarios, actividad antimicrobiana y letal del extracto metanólico de las partes botánicas de Lippia citriodora K (cedrón). Se detectó la presencia taninos, polifenoles, triterpenos y esteroles insaturados para las hojas, flores y tallo; fenilpropanoides y catequinas para tallos y flores; alcaloides para hojas y flores; saponinas para hojas y tallos. Además, las flores exhibieron la presencia de cumarinas y metilencetonas. Todos los extractos metanólicos mostraron una acción bactericida alta contra cepas de Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus y Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a excepción del extracto de las flores que exhibió una actividad antibacteriana moderada o mediana contra cepas de S. aureus. Además, se observó un efecto antifúngico moderado del extracto de las hojas, y una actividad alta de los extractos del tallo y flores, contra la cepa del hongo Candida albicans. Todos los extractos mostraron letalidad significativa (<1000 µg/ml) frente a nauplios de Artemia salina a las 24 h de exposición (168,77, 82,19 y 172,76 µg/ml para las hojas, tallo y flores, respectivamente); donde el extracto del tallo presentó mayor letalidad con CL50 de 82,19 µg/ml, considerado altamente tóxico según CYTED. Se puede inferir que la especie L. citriodora es una fuente promisoria de metabolitos secundarios bioactivos con actividad farmacológica.AbstractThis research was based on a phytochemical study of secondary metabolites, lethal and antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract of botanical organs Lippia citriodora K (lemon verbena). It was detected the presence of tannins, polyphenols, triterpenes and unsaturated sterols for leaves, flowers and stem; phenylpropanoids and catechins for stems and flowers; alkaloids for leaves and flowers; saponins for leaves and stems. In addition, the flowers exhibited the presence of coumarins and methylenketones. Methanolic extracts showed high bactericidal action against strains of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in the antimicrobial bioassay, except for the flowers which exhibited moderate activity against S. aureus strains. Furthermore, moderate antifungal effect was observed for leaves extract and high activity for stem and flowers extracts against the strain of Candida albicans fungus. All extracts showed significant lethality (<1000 μg/ml) against A. salina nauplii at 24 h of exposure (168.77, 82.19 and 172.76 μg/mL for leaves, stems and flowers, respectively); where the methanolic extract of the stem showed the highest lethality with LC50 value of 82.19 μg/ml, considered highly toxic according to CYTED. It can be inferred that L. citriodora is a promising source of bioactive secondary metabolites with pharmacological activity.

Cytothological effects of the aqueous extract of Lippia sidoides Cham.

“…Different results were observed in the study with methanol/water extract of L. multiflora where high toxicity was verified, presenting LC50 result of 1.1 µg/mL (AJAIYEOBA et al, 2006). The analysis of methanolic extracts prepared with different parts (stem, leaf and flowers) of L. citriodora showed that all extracts present significant lethality against A. salina, being its composition rich in tannins, polyphenols, triterpenes, catechins and alkaloids (VÉLEZ et al, 2019).…”