Fitness training for cardiorespiratory conditioning after traumatic brain injury

Abstract

Fitness training for cardiorespiratory conditioning a er traumatic brain injury.

Factors associated with long-term functional and psychological outcomes in persons with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury

“…The caregiver burden and associated care costs are also significant (9). In recent years, the evidence for the effectiveness of post-acute rehabilitation in improving functional outcomes after TBI is increasing (10)(11)(12). The ultimate goal of TBI rehabilitation is to help patients resume meaningful participation in their communities and social environments, regardless of whether specific impairments can be eliminated (13).…”

“…The total CSI rating scores ranged from 1 to 52 with a median of 7 (IQR 4-35). Caregivers rated items such as the person with TBI displaying upsetting FIM-FAM motor 102 (93, 111) Self care 46 (43, 49) Bowel/bladder (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14) 14 (12,14) Locomotion 42 (39, 49) FIM-FAM cognition (Md, IQR) 89 (78, 95) Communication 35 (30,35) Psycho-social 24 (19,27) Cognition 32 (26 behaviours and emotional adjustments and family adjustments due to disrupted routine as causing "severe" strain. The median score on the caregiver SRB scale was 80 (IQR 40-90), which indicates a high level of burden from the demands of caregiving (Table II).…”

The Aetiology of Reduced Cardiorespiratory Fitness Among Adults with Severe Traumatic Brain Injury and the Relationship with Physical Activity: A Narrative Review

“…Driver et al, (2004) prescribed aquatic group exercise three times per week for eight weeks at a moderate intensity (50 to 70% heart rate reserve) for 60 minutes per session (Driver et al, 2004). In the same Cochrane Systematic Review described above, analysis of this study demonstrated a significant improvement in peak work rate on an incremental exercise test for the participants in the intervention group compared to the control group who participated in a vocational therapy group (mean difference 59 watts [95% CI 23.8 to 94.2]) (Hassett et al, 2008). The actual intensity achieved was not recorded, however the long-duration exercise may have provided a sufficient dose even if the prescribed intensity was not achieved.…”

“…One randomised controlled trial prescribed exercise on a cycle ergometer three times per week for 12 weeks at a moderate intensity (38 to 50% heart rate reserve) for 30 minutes per session for people with acquired brain injury (Bateman et al, 2001). In a Cochrane Systematic Review that evaluated only the TBI participants of this study, a non-significant improvement in peak work rate on an incremental exercise test was found for the intervention group compared to the control group who participated in relaxation therapy (mean difference 21.5 watts [95% CI −12.3 to 55.3]) (Hassett, Moseley, Tate, & Harmer, 2008). Despite the inpatient exercise programme being supervised, participants did not achieve the prescribed exercise dosage and spent an average of only two sessions per week exercising at moderate intensity for 16 minutes of a 25-minute session (Hassett et al, 2008).…”

“…In a Cochrane Systematic Review that evaluated only the TBI participants of this study, a non-significant improvement in peak work rate on an incremental exercise test was found for the intervention group compared to the control group who participated in relaxation therapy (mean difference 21.5 watts [95% CI −12.3 to 55.3]) (Hassett, Moseley, Tate, & Harmer, 2008). Despite the inpatient exercise programme being supervised, participants did not achieve the prescribed exercise dosage and spent an average of only two sessions per week exercising at moderate intensity for 16 minutes of a 25-minute session (Hassett et al, 2008). These data suggest that achieving an effective exercise dosage early post-injury is challenging.…”