Fit for Purpose Monitoring - A Progress Report on the CO2CRC Otway Stage 3 Project

Jenkins, Charles; Bagheri, Mohammad Ali; Barraclough, Paul; Dance, Tess; Ennis‐King, Jonathan; Freifeld, Barry; Glubokovskikh, Stanislav; Gunning, James; LaForce, Tara; Marshall, Stephen W.; Paraschivoiu, Evelina; Paterson, Lincoln; Pevzner, Roman; Tenthorey, Eric; Watson, Max

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3366163

Cited by 3 publications

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“…The last stage is stage 3; this is found between 2015 and 2022 and is named the safe and reliable stage. Also, a cost-effective and monitoring plan was implemented. − …”

Section: Carbon Dioxide Storage In Major Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Carbon Dioxide Storage Projects: Assessment and Perspectives

Yang

Shao

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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Carbon capture and storage (CCS) is a climate change mitigation method in which anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) is captured from large point sources and stored in geological formations, in the ocean, or through mineral carbonation. CO2 can be injected and stored for a variety of reasons, including permanent disposal or enhanced oil recovery in certain oil fields. The main objective of this paper is to assess the advances made in CO2 storage projects globally. This study reviews the major companies/businesses that are involved in CCS deployment. The study also presents the alternative for the sequestration of CO2 into the geological formations through existing major projects. It explains their progress, structural and faulting configuration, CO2 transportation and injection, potential CO2 source(s), estimation of the storage capacity, etc. This study also highlights the monitoring programs that are used in different operating projects and the status of active projects. The study suggests that CCS faces further deployment challenges due to the heterogeneity and complexity of rock formations, high cost of deployment, possibility of formation damage during injection and potential for migration and leakage of CO2. Additionally, inappropriate strategy for CO2 injection may lead to wellbore integrity problems, formation of hydrates, and inadequate pressure control. More researchparticularly, geological evaluation before injection and storageis apparently needed.

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“…The last stage is stage 3; this is found between 2015 and 2022 and is named the safe and reliable stage. Also, a cost-effective and monitoring plan was implemented. − …”

Section: Carbon Dioxide Storage In Major Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advances in Carbon Dioxide Storage Projects: Assessment and Perspectives

Yang

Shao

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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“…The multi-well offset vertical seismic profiling (VSP) monitoring was conducted as part of the Otway Project Stage 3 CO 2 storage test. The distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) fibres are installed in five ∼1600 m deep wells: the nearly vertical Figure 1 Field set-up for the Stage 3 Otway Project including monitoring and injector (CRC-3) wells, SOV sources, the surface projections of the reservoir imaging points for all well-SOV pairs (colour-coded for SOVs) and predicted plume contours for Stage 3 (on the left) and simulated plume contours of the existing plume (on the right) from the previous stage of the Otway Project (Jenkins et al, 2018) as they might merge.…”

Section: Field Set-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The monitoring is performed using five wells instrumented with DAS cables cemented behind the casing and nine permanently deployed SOVs. The locations of wells and SOVs were carefully chosen to ensure the seismic images cover potential CO 2 migration paths, based on flow simulations and seismic forward modelling (Jenkins et al, 2018).…”

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confidence: 99%

Processing of multi‐well offset vertical seismic profile data acquired with distributed acoustic sensors and surface orbital vibrators: Stage 3 of the CO2CRC Otway Project case study

Yavuz

Isaenkov

Pevzner

et al. 2021

Geophysical Prospecting

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Time-lapse seismic reservoir monitoring is used as a way to gain insight into subsurface processes. Yet, the application of standard 4D technology onshore faces challenges, such as high cost, significant environmental footprint and, consequently, relatively infrequent surveys. As part of the Otway Project Stage 3 CO 2 injection study, continuous automated borehole-based monitoring using distributed acoustic sensing has been paired with permanently deployed surface sources, referred to as surface orbital vibrators, as a way to monitor the spreading CO 2 plume. The injection of 15,000 tonnes of CO 2 in a saline reservoir at a depth of 1550 m is monitored using five boreholes instrumented with enhanced sensitivity fibre optic cables and nine surface orbital vibrators, creating an array of 45 well-source pairs. The data are processed with an offset vertical seismic profiling processing workflow developed to address key challenges of the continuous distributed acoustic sensing acquisition using surface orbital vibrators. The processing flow includes deconvolution with a source sweep recorded by a pilot geophone installed below the surface orbital vibrators. A second deconvolution with a wavelet estimated from direct arrivals compensates for the difference between distributed acoustic sensing measurements and the pilot geophone as well as near-surface variations. Image quality is noted to be best for short offsets and decreases with increasing offsets and well deviations. As surface orbital vibrators generate unique sweeps in two rotation directions, further processing is applied to stack these rotation signals together, which further improves the images. The resulting 2D transects of each well-source pair visually provide good illumination of the subsurface, suggesting continuous monitoring of the spreading CO 2 plume should be possible with some further tuning of the processing workflow for time-lapse repeatability.

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Effect of Source Mispositioning on the Repeatability of 4D Vertical Seismic Profiling Acquired with Distributed Acoustic Sensors

Isaenkov

Tertyshnikov

Yurikov

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Vertical seismic profiling (VSP) with distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) is an increasingly popular evolving technique for reservoir monitoring. DAS technology enables permanent fibre installations in wells and simultaneous seismic data recording along an entire borehole. Deploying the receivers closer to the reservoir allows for better detectability of smaller signals. A high level of repeatability is essential for the robust time-lapse monitoring of geological reservoirs. One of the prominent factors of repeatability degradation is a shift between source/receiver locations (mispositioning) during baseline and monitor surveys. While the mispositioning effect has been extensively studied for surface 4D seismic, the number of such studies for VSP is quite limited. To study the effects of source mispositioning on time-lapse data repeatability, we performed two VSP experiments at two on-shore sites with vibroseis. The first study was carried out at the Otway International Test Centre during Stage 3 of the Otway project and showed that the effect of source mispositioning on repeatability is negligible in comparison with the effect of temporal variations of the near-surface conditions. To avoid these limitations, we conducted a same-day controlled experiment at the Curtin University site. This second experiment showed that the effect of source mispositioning on repeatability is controlled by the degree of lateral variations of the near-surface conditions. Unlike in marine seismic measurements, lateral variations of near-surface properties can be strong and rapid and can degrade the repeatability for shifts of the source of a few meters. The greater the mispositioning, the higher the chance of such significant variations. When the near-surface conditions are laterally homogeneous, the effect of typical source mispositioning is small, and in all practical monitoring applications its contribution to non-repeatability is negligible.

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Fit for Purpose Monitoring - A Progress Report on the CO2CRC Otway Stage 3 Project

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Advances in Carbon Dioxide Storage Projects: Assessment and Perspectives

Advances in Carbon Dioxide Storage Projects: Assessment and Perspectives

Processing of multi‐well offset vertical seismic profile data acquired with distributed acoustic sensors and surface orbital vibrators: Stage 3 of the CO2CRC Otway Project case study

Effect of Source Mispositioning on the Repeatability of 4D Vertical Seismic Profiling Acquired with Distributed Acoustic Sensors

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