“…Reported complications include cerebral infarction, decreased visual acuity, diabetes insipidus, retroperitoneal hematoma, femoral vein thrombosis, ocular motor nerve palsies; trigeminal sensory neuropathy; significant IOP elevation and orbital hemorrhage. Other major complications include subarachnoid or intracerebral hemorrhage, sinus rupture, pulmonary emboli and extradural extravasation of contrast ([ 6 , 8 , 22 ]). In cases in which endovascular treatment is not possible or is unsuccessful, open surgical intervention may be warranted; which may involve suturing, clipping, or trapping the fistula, packing the cavernous sinus to occlude the fistula, sealing the fistula with fascia and glue, ligating the ICA, or a combination of these procedures.…”