Fish, Sternoptychidae, Maurolicus stehmanni Parin & Kobyliansky, 1993: occurrence and distribution in south and southeastern Brazilian waters

Abstract

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Global phylogeography suggests extensive eucosmopolitanism in Mesopelagic Fishes (Maurolicus: Sternoptychidae)

“…A significant geographical distance was initially reported between the distributions of M. stehmanni (the continental slope of the western South Atlantic, between 34° and 40° S) and M. weitzmani (western North Atlantic to the Gulf of Mexico and Equatorial Atlantic from 45° W to slopes of Africa 12 ). However, subsequent studies of M. stehmanni extended the range of this putative species to 11° S in the western Atlantic 14 , significantly narrowing the gap between the known distributions of the two species described for the western Atlantic. COI sequences for Maurolicus from off Brazil are relatively indistinct from other populations in this clade, differing by only one to two substitutions (compared with a minimum of seven substitutions [1.9%] between the western and eastern equatorial Atlantic; Fig.…”

Updating the distribution and habitat pattern of Maurolicus stehmanni (Sternoptychidae, Stomiformes) in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean

“…As the dichotomous key provided by Parin and Kobyliansky (1996) for 15 species of the genus Maurolicus employed overlapping characters, added to the fact that meristic characters and body proportions exhibited ontogenetic changes (Fig. 2 in Almeida and Rossi-Wongtschowski 2007;and this study), the best way to confirm the ambiguous identity of both species should involve molecular approaches (see for example, Rees et al 2017). Unfortunately, the specimens herein studied were collected with zooplankton nets and were immediately fixed in formalin, what makes the extraction of DNA problematic, partly due to extensive DNA shearing and damage resulting from the exposition to formaldehyde (Simmons 2014).…”

“…These fish were identified based on the works by Smith (1961), Parin and Kobyliansky (1996), Almeida and Rossi-Wongtschowski (2007), and Rees et al (2017). The following morphometrics measurements were recorded to the nearest 0.1 mm with a magnifying glass Leica MZ8 equipped with an ocular micrometer: standard length (SL, distance from the snout to the caudal peduncle); head length (HL, distance from the snout to the posterior edge of the operculum); eye diameter (ED) and body depth (BD, vertical distance perpendicular to the longitudinal axis between the dorsal and the ventral edges of the body).…”

“…Currently, one species of Maurolicus has been reported for the Southwest Atlantic Ocean: Maurolicus stehmanni, which distributes along the continental slope from Brazil (22°S) to Argentina (43°S) (Ciechomski 1971 cited as M. muelleri;Parin and Kobyliansky 1996;Bernardes et al 2005;Almeida and Rossi-Wongtschowski 2007). Although Maurolicus parvipinnis, whose southernmost record came from the Southeast Pacific Ocean (type location: Orange Bay, Chile, 55.3°S 69.0°W, see Vaillant 1888), was also cited as present southwards to the Malvinas Islands (Eschmeyer et al 2017), a confusion may have arisen because of the occurrence of another location also called Orange Bay in Malvinas Islands.…”

Early development of pearlside Maurolicus stehmanni off south‐eastern Brazil

“…Historically, Maurolicus mullieri was the classification of the Maurolicus species sampled in the south‐western Atlantic (Belleggia et al ., 2018), but subsequent morphological and morphometric analyses (Almeida & Rossi‐Wongtschowski, 2007) assigned this pearlside to M. stehmanni Parin & Kobyliansky, 1993. Recently, south‐western Atlantic M. stehmanni was included in a comprehensive genetic analysis that identified it as relatively indistinct from M. weitzmani , a putative linage belonging to the ‘Northern clade’ (Rees et al ., 2020).…”