Fish-mediated trait compensation in zooplankton

Hylander, Samuel; Souza, María Sol; Balseiro, Esteban; Modenutti, Beatriz; Hansson, Lars‐Anders

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2435.2012.01976.x

Cited by 30 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…This retarded growth is likely the price that the organism has to pay to be able to maintain UVR protection including induction of cellular antioxidants (Borgeraas & Hessen ; Hylander et al . ) and cell repair systems (Sancar ; MacFadyen et al . ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Hylander, Larsson & Hansson ; Rautio, Bonilla & Vincent ; Hylander & Jephson ; Sommaruga ; Zengling, Wei & Kunshan ; Hylander et al . ; Perez, Ferraro & Zagarese ; Schneider et al . ).…”

Section: Methodsunclassified

“…But organisms, including copepods, have a number of defence mechanisms to counteract UVR damage, including accumulation of photoprotective compounds, cellular defence mechanisms and avoidance of the surface waters (Hansson & Hylander ; Rautio & Tartarotti ; Hylander et al . ). Pelagic copepods mainly accumulate carotenoids (Hairston ; Hylander et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Fitness costs and benefits of ultraviolet radiation exposure in marine pelagic copepods

2013

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Summary1. Life-history theory predicts that organisms should allocate energy throughout their life such that they maximize their fitness. Copepod zooplankton are known to accumulate sunscreens (so-called mycosporine-like amino acids, MAAs) and antioxidant carotenoids to mitigate negative effects of ultraviolet radiation (UVR), but it is not well known how this affects their fitness. 2. We followed cohorts of the marine copepod Acartia tonsa and assessed how fitness was affected by UVR exposure and a diet rich in UVR-protective sunscreens. 3. Several fitness components including somatic growth, egg quality and nauplii production (larvae) were negatively affected by UVR, whereas other components such as size at maturity, survival and length of life were not. Nauplii production through low egg quality was the most influential life-history parameter that changed in response to UVR. 4. There was interaction between fitness costs and food source. If copepods were fed a diet rich in UVR-screening MAAs, they were able to maintain and even increase their fitness even though they were exposed to otherwise detrimental radiation. Levels of UVR-protective carotenoids were low in the studied species and a meta-analysis revealed that marine copepods in general have much lower -by an order of magnitude -levels of carotenoids than freshwater species, while levels of MAAs are similar between the two habitats. 5. We conclude that allocation to different fitness components to some extent is plastic although egg quality is by far the most influential factor, and this is an example of how environmental variability affects overall fitness. Fitness costs associated with UVR exposure in the absence of UVR-screening MAAs were present. Other costs such as costs for accumulating MAAs were not detected, and if present, they were outweighed by a stimulated fitness in combined UVR and MAA treatments challenging the common model that inducible defences (such as accumulation of MAAs) should come with a cost. Low levels of carotenoids in marine systems suggest high predation pressures on pigmented specimens. Accumulation of nonpigmented MAAs could hence be a key adaptation for surface-dwelling marine zooplankton to maintain or even increase their fitness when exposed to detrimental radiation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…; Hylander, Larsson & Hansson ; Rautio, Bonilla & Vincent ; Hylander & Jephson ; Sommaruga ; Zengling, Wei & Kunshan ; Hylander et al . ; Perez, Ferraro & Zagarese ; Schneider et al . ).…”

Section: Methodsunclassified

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Fitness costs and benefits of ultraviolet radiation exposure in marine pelagic copepods

2013

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“…In unpolluted conditions the calanoids copepods would have an important role as grazer on phytoplankton and in turn would be eaten by zooplanktivorous fishes in Argentinean and Chilean Patagonian lakes (Soto and Zuñiga, 1991;De los Rios-Escalante, 2010;Reissig et al, 2015;Trochine et al, 2015). Additionally, the natural ultraviolet radiation exposure that increased in Patagonia affect zooplankton assemblages because the species have different tolerance to UV radiation under trophic gradient (Marinone et al, 2006;De los Ríos-Escalante, 2010;Hylander et al, 2012). Then considering both view point, the zooplankton composition can be regulated by trophic variations, ultraviolet radiation exposure and fish predation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plankton crustaceans in bays with different trophic status in Llanquihue lake (41° S Chile)

Escalante

Soto²,

Santander-Massa

et al. 2017

Braz. J. Biol.

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The Llanquihue lake is included in the called Araucanian or Nord Patagonian lakes located between 38-41° S. These lakes are characterized by their oligo-mesotrophic status due to human intervention which takes to the increase in nutrients inputs from industries and towns. Effects on zooplankton assemblages are observed with marked increase of daphnids abundance. The aim of the present study is to analyze the trophic status and zooplankton relative abundance in different bays of Llanquihue lake. It was found direct associations between chlorophyll a with daphnids percentage, total dissolved nitrogen with reactive soluble phosphorus nitrogen/phosphorus molar radio with cyclopoids percentage, and an inverse relation between daphnids and calanoids percentages. The occurrence of three kinds of microcrustacean assemblages and environmental conditions was evidenced: the first one with high calanoids percentage, low species number and low chlorophyll and nutrients concentration, a second with moderate chlorophyll and nutrients concentration and moderate daphnids percentage; high species number and a third site with high chlorophyll and nutrients concentration, high daphnids percentage and high species number. Daphnids increase under mesotrophic status, agree with similar results observed for southern Argentinean and New Zealand lakes.

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“…Hence, copepods reduce their carotenoid content when exposed to predator cues (Hansson 2004;Hylander et al 2012), and predation and UV radiation, acting in concert, are likely environmental factors affecting zooplankton pigmentation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Carotenoid accumulation in copepods is related to lipid metabolism and reproduction rather than to UV‐protection

Schneider

Grosbois

Vincent

et al. 2016

Limnology & Oceanography

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Accumulation of carotenoid pigments in copepods has often been described as a plastic adaptation providing photoprotection against ultraviolet radiation (UVR). However, reports of seasonal carotenoid maxima in winter, when UVR is low, challenge the proposed driving role of UVR. Therefore, we here evaluate the mechanistic connection between UVR and the seasonal pattern of copepod carotenoid pigmentation. We assessed the carotenoids, fatty acid content and reproduction of Leptodiaptomus minutus along with UVR exposure, water temperature, phytoplankton pigments, and fish predation in a boreal lake during 18 months covering two winter seasons. The predominant carotenoid astaxanthin occurred in free form as well as esterified with fatty acids. Mono-and diesters accounted for 62-93% of total astaxanthin and varied seasonally in close correlation with fatty acids. The seasonal variability in total astaxanthin content of the copepods was characterized by net accumulation in late fall of up to 0.034 lg (mg dry mass) 21 d 21, which led to the mid-winter maximum of 3.89 6 0.31 lg mg 21 . The two periods of net loss (20.018 lg mg 21 d 21 and 20.021 lg mg 21 d 21) coincided with peaks of egg production in spring and summer leading to minimum astaxanthin content (0.86 6 0.03 lg mg 21 ) in fall. This period was also characterized by the highest predation pressure by young-of-the-year fish. The results suggest that accumulation of astaxanthin in copepods is strongly related to lipid metabolism but not to UVR-photoprotection, and that seasonal changes of fatty acids and carotenoids are related to the reproduction cycle.The red pigmentation of many zooplankton has long puzzled biologists, and various hypotheses have been offered to explain the phenomenon via proximate and ultimate causes (e.g., Brehm 1938). The red coloration of copepods is due to carotenoids, a large family of lipid-soluble pigments that are synthesized only in primary producers but may be either accumulated by zooplankton or biologically converted to other carotenoids, notably astaxanthin, which is the primary carotenoid among crustaceans (Matsuno 2001;Andersson et al. 2003;Rhodes 2006). Astaxanthin is a powerful antioxidant (McNulty et al. 2007) occurring both in free form and esterified with fatty acids or associated with proteins (Cheesman et al. 1967;Matsuno 2001).In zooplankton, carotenoid accumulation is a highly variable trait that has been linked to photoprotection against ultraviolet radiation (UVR) in field studies comparing lakes with differential UVR exposure and in experimental studies (Hairston 1976;Moeller et al. 2005;Hylander et al. 2009;Rautio and Tartarotti 2010;Sommaruga 2010). The underlying mechanism ascribing astaxanthin photoprotection properties involves the quenching of singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) produced during UVR exposure rather than direct absorption or reflectance of the hazardous wavelengths (Krinsky 1979;Kobayashi and Sakamoto 1999). UV-exposed copepods at low water temperatures have especially been suggested to profit from...

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Fish-mediated trait compensation in zooplankton

Cited by 30 publications

References 68 publications

Fitness costs and benefits of ultraviolet radiation exposure in marine pelagic copepods

Fitness costs and benefits of ultraviolet radiation exposure in marine pelagic copepods

Plankton crustaceans in bays with different trophic status in Llanquihue lake (41° S Chile)

Carotenoid accumulation in copepods is related to lipid metabolism and reproduction rather than to UV‐protection

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