Fish‐Forestry Interactions in Oregon, Washington and Alaska, USA

Hall, J. D.; Cederholm, Carl J.; Murphy, M. L.; Koski, K V.

doi:10.1002/9780470995242.ch17

Cited by 4 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The Oregon Coast Range physiographic province is an economically and ecologically important region of the Pacific Northwest. The forestlands of this region are a major source of timber and a critical habitat for salmon and other endangered species (Hall et al 2004). As second growth forests mature in the Oregon Coastal ecoregion, there is increased interest in developing best management practices reflecting knowledge of key ecological mechanisms and linkages in streams .…”

Section: The Oregon Coast Range Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Pacific Coastal Region of the United States contains large tracts of economically important forestlands that also serve as critical stream habitat for anadromous fish Hall et al 2004). As efforts expand to manage and restore salmon populations, there is an increased interest in developing biological criteria that can be used to monitor stream sediment conditions .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Pacific Coastal region of the United States contains large tracts of economically important forestlands that also serve as critical stream habitat for anadromous fish (Hall et al 2004). In the Pacific Coastal region, the major source of human disturbance is logging and road building, activities known to increase sediment supply and delivery to surface waters (Binkley and Brown 1993;McClain et al 1998;May 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Macroinvertebrates and Excessive Fine Sediment Conditions in Oregon Coastal Streams

Edwards¹

2000

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The Pacific Coastal ecoregion contains large tracts of economically important forestlands that also serve as critical stream habitat for endangered Salmonids. Excessive fine sediment deposition in streams of this region is a major environmental concern in the region but difficult to measure directly. The use of stream invertebrates to monitor fine sediment conditions in streams requires careful consideration of several important factors that complicate their use as bioindicators including high spatial and temporal variability and covariance with other environmental variables.To evaluate the use of stream invertebrates as bioindicators of excessive fine sediment, three hypotheses were tested. The first hypothesis was that invertebrates would be related to broad-scale climate variables (Chapter 2). The second hypothesis was that functional aspects of the invertebrate community would serve as useful indicators of excessive fine sediment condition. (Chapter 3). The third hypothesis was that invertebrates in streams with naturally high levels of sediment would be tolerant to fine sediment (<2 mm, Chapter 4). Hypotheses were tested using a temporal data set at two streams in western Oregon, spatial data from 214 sites across the Oregon Coast Range, and in-situ experiment conducted in streams with erosive or resistant geologies.In the temporal study, both invertebrate density and functional traits were iii Acknowledgements

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Section: The Oregon Coast Range Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Macroinvertebrates and Excessive Fine Sediment Conditions in Oregon Coastal Streams

Edwards¹

2000

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“…More broadly, studies across the Pacific Northwest report localized responses of stream temperature and flow to either climate change or forest harvest, due to contrasting features in streams (e.g, for temperature [ 26 , 54 ]; for flow [ 27 , 38 ]). Local responses of fish to forest harvest have also been commonly described (see reviews [ 55 – 56 ]). Although our results contrast with other research of fish responses to climate change, which typically reports relatively uniform responses by stream-fish across landscapes [ 57 – 60 ], and for a wide-range of other biota as well [ 14 , 61 – 63 ], more recently, increasing attention has been drawn to the role of local variability in physical habitat as an important player in mediating the effects of climate change [ 8 , 16 , 18 , 64 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local Variability Mediates Vulnerability of Trout Populations to Land Use and Climate Change

Penaluna

Dunham

Railsback³

et al. 2015

PLoS ONE

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Land use and climate change occur simultaneously around the globe. Fully understanding their separate and combined effects requires a mechanistic understanding at the local scale where their effects are ultimately realized. Here we applied an individual-based model of fish population dynamics to evaluate the role of local stream variability in modifying responses of Coastal Cutthroat Trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii) to scenarios simulating identical changes in temperature and stream flows linked to forest harvest, climate change, and their combined effects over six decades. We parameterized the model for four neighboring streams located in a forested headwater catchment in northwestern Oregon, USA with multi-year, daily measurements of stream temperature, flow, and turbidity (2007–2011), and field measurements of both instream habitat structure and three years of annual trout population estimates. Model simulations revealed that variability in habitat conditions among streams (depth, available habitat) mediated the effects of forest harvest and climate change. Net effects for most simulated trout responses were different from or less than the sum of their separate scenarios. In some cases, forest harvest countered the effects of climate change through increased summer flow. Climate change most strongly influenced trout (earlier fry emergence, reductions in biomass of older trout, increased biomass of young-of-year), but these changes did not consistently translate into reductions in biomass over time. Forest harvest, in contrast, produced fewer and less consistent responses in trout. Earlier fry emergence driven by climate change was the most consistent simulated response, whereas survival, growth, and biomass were inconsistent. Overall our findings indicate a host of local processes can strongly influence how populations respond to broad scale effects of land use and climate change.

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“…Much attention, or even blame, has been directed toward landscape activities (e.g., agriculture, forestry), which may often be the only prominent anthropogenic activities in otherwise pristine catchments with salmonid populations, for their potential role in the warming of freshwater, and therefore, their potential role of being the reason or at least further exaggerating the negative trend on thermal habitat suitability [137,138]. It has been long recognized that such landscape activities, when poorly conducted and/or especially when occurring without appropriate mitigations such as appropriate riparian zones, can indeed have a significant and long-term warming effect on freshwater streams [139,140]. On the contrary, when landscape activities are undertaken on a moderate scale with mitigations (e.g., harvesting of 7% of a stream basin in the Catamaran Brook catchment, NB, Canada), the effects of freshwater warming have not been observed [141,142].…”

Section: Management and Conservation Actions In Response To A Warming...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Cold-Water Thermal Refuges for Stream Salmonids in a Changing Climate—Experiences from Atlantic Canada

Linnansaari,

O’Sullivan,

Breau

et al. 2023

Fishes

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Thermal refuges are becoming increasingly influential for dictating the population status and spatial distribution of cold-water stenotherm salmonids in the mid- to southern extent of their range. The global climate is predicted to continue to warm, and therefore, the overall thermal suitability of freshwater habitats for stream salmonids is predicted to decline in concert. However, stream and river thermal heterogeneity will offer considerable resiliency for these populations. Thermal refuges are formed by many physical processes; common natural refuges include cold tributary plumes, groundwater springs, alcoves, and hyporheic upwellings. However, many anthropogenically formed refuges (such as stratified reservoirs or cold-water tailrace outflows) also exist in hydropower-regulated rivers. The significance of these refuges to stream salmonids depends on their size and temperature differential, but also other habitat characteristics such as their depth, flow velocity, Froude number, and many biotic factors within the refuges. Modern technologies such as drone-mounted thermal infrared cameras and other remote sensing techniques allow for the efficient identification of such refuges, and inexpensive options include the identification of refuges during ice cover using orthophotographs. Behavioural thermoregulation, i.e., salmonids aggregating in cold-water refuges, can be either facultative or obligate and the timing of these events is governed by life stage, species, and population-specific physiologically regulated cumulative thresholds that are inherently related to the recent thermal history, or hysteresis, of each individual. Salmonids appear to have an excellent spatial cognition for locating and relocating cold-water refuges, and their spatial distribution is largely affected by the availability of the cold-water refuges during the warm-water period in many thermally stressed rivers. Gregarious behaviour is the norm for salmonid fishes within the thermal refuges; however, the size/microhabitat hierarchy appears to dictate the within-refuge distribution at the micro-scale. There continues to be a great impetus for protecting—and in carefully determined cases creating—cold-water refuges in the future. A thorough understanding of what a “goldilocks” refuge is for various salmonids and their different life stages will be imperative as cold-water restoration is gaining popularity. Finally, disentangling the roles of the climate-induced and landscape activity-induced warming potential of fluvial freshwater will be important to ensure continued environmentally responsible landscape activities in future waterscapes.

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Fish‐Forestry Interactions in Oregon, Washington and Alaska, USA

Cited by 4 publications

References 30 publications

Macroinvertebrates and Excessive Fine Sediment Conditions in Oregon Coastal Streams

Macroinvertebrates and Excessive Fine Sediment Conditions in Oregon Coastal Streams

Local Variability Mediates Vulnerability of Trout Populations to Land Use and Climate Change

The Role of Cold-Water Thermal Refuges for Stream Salmonids in a Changing Climate—Experiences from Atlantic Canada

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