Fish Ecogenotoxicology: An Emerging Science, an Emerging Tool for Environmental Monitoring and Risk Assessment

Akpoilih, BU

doi:10.4172/2161-0525.1000165

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 107 publications

(137 reference statements)

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“…Fish are important biological models for ecotoxicological studies (Bu, 2003) and specimens of Astyanax lacustris have shown sensitivity to the presence of a variety of chemical contaminants in polluted waters, often exposed to chemical or physical agents known as mutagens or carcinogens, which can induce modi cations in the DNA molecule (Tincani et al, 2019). Thus, the evaluation of biomarkers in sh can provide data on the environmental damage caused by toxic agents, such as textile e uents, helping to monitor aquatic environments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of textile production effluents in Astyanax lacustris (Pisces, Characidae), before and after treatment through the vertical flow constructed wetland system

Silva

Zafra-Lemos

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Textile effluents have a complex physical, chemical, and biological composition, and may have mutagenic, genotoxic, and carcinogenic activity. Part of the dyes used in the textile industry is lost during the dyeing process and released into bodies of water, contaminating the aquatic environment. Thus, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the cyto/genotoxic effects of textile production effluents on Astyanax lacustris specimens, before and after treatment through the vertical flow constructed wetland system (VFCW). We tested 60 fish (five treatment conditions, four fish per condition, in triplicate). Fish were exposed to contaminants for 7 days. The assays used were biomarker analysis, the micronucleus (MN) test, analysis of cellular morphological changes (CMC), and the comet assay. The concentration of 5% v/v of raw textile effluent, and the effluents treated by VFCW, showed damage significantly different from the controls. The VFCW system proved to be efficient in reducing the physicochemical parameters of effluents from textile production. We conclude that the biodegradation of textile production effluents can be accomplished with VFCW.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of textile production effluents in Astyanax lacustris (Pisces, Characidae), before and after treatment through the vertical flow constructed wetland system

Silva

Zafra-Lemos

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Ecotoxicology: A Review of Pesticides Induced Toxicity in Fish

Ullah¹

2015

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci.

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| Throughout the world pesticides are widely employed in agriculture sector in order to elevate crops' yield with low labour and efforts. Pesticides exposure leads to toxicity in many non-target organisms, fish being one of the most prominent among these. Most of the time acute concentration of these pesticides leads to mortality while sub lethal concentration of these pesticides result in different lethal changes. These changes may be in behaviour of the exposed fish such as change in feeding behaviour, attack or avoiding behaviour and reproductive behaviour, or other types of alterations such as changes in histology (liver, kidneys, gills, muscles, brain, intestine), haematology (RBCs, WBCs or Plasma), anti-oxidant defence system (Glutathione reductase, Peroxidase, Catalase, Superoxide dismutase, Glutathione peroxidase, Glutathione-S-transferase etc.), changes in nutrient profile (Protein, Lipids, Carbohydrates, Moisture content and Ash etc.) and worth of the fish, hormonal or enzymatic alterations, oxygen consumption, and DNA damage or damage at genes level (genotoxicity). Different environmental agencies are working on this aspect and that's why there are a large number of banned chemicals. Still these chemicals are available in markets. Certain newly synthesized pesticides (insecticides or fungicides etc.) and extensive use of these chemicals are always there to maximize the problem for aquatic organisms especially fish. This article focuses on the same aspect of ecotoxicology and reviews some major induced toxicological aspects of pesticides in fish including behavioural changes, histopathological damages, haematological alterations, biochemical changes, fluctuations in acetylcholinesterase activity, vicissitudes in protein contents, induced genotoxicity, alterations in feeding biology, oxygen consumption and oxygen stress all across the world.

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Genotoxic effect of cadmium and zinc in the peripheral erythrocytes of Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio B.)

Drąg‐Kozak

Kuchta-Gładysz²,

Grzesiakowska³

et al. 2022

Journal of Veterinary Research

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Introduction Cadmium and zinc are often found in aquatic environment and may accumulate in living organisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic effect of Cd, Zn, and their binary mixture on the peripheral blood erythrocytes of Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio B.). Material and Methods The fish were exposed to 4.0 mg/L Cd, 4.0 mg/L Zn or a mixture of 4.0 mg/L Cd and 4.0 mg/L Zn for a period of 14, 21 or 28 days. Genotoxic effects were investigated in peripheral blood cells using the comet assay and the erythrocyte micronucleus assay. Results The results demonstrated that the frequencies of micronuclei (MN) and both nuclear and cellular abnormalities in erythrocytes were significantly higher in all exposure groups as compared to the control group. The fish exposed to the mixture of Cd and Zn presented the highest frequency of MN. Furthermore, there was a decrease in the frequency of MN and an increase in the occurrence of DNA integrity defects (DNA damage) with longer time of exposure to the metals studied. Conclusion Erythrocyte micronucleus and comet assays confirmed the genotoxicity of Cd and Zn. The results of the tests applied (which showed considerable variability) suggest the involvement of various toxicity mechanisms. Therefore, an integrative and comprehensive approach, using a set of assays for toxicity profile determination, should be adopted during ecotoxicological studies and environmental risk assessment pertaining to these elements.

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Fish Ecogenotoxicology: An Emerging Science, an Emerging Tool for Environmental Monitoring and Risk Assessment

Cited by 3 publications

References 107 publications

Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of textile production effluents in Astyanax lacustris (Pisces, Characidae), before and after treatment through the vertical flow constructed wetland system

Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of textile production effluents in Astyanax lacustris (Pisces, Characidae), before and after treatment through the vertical flow constructed wetland system

Ecotoxicology: A Review of Pesticides Induced Toxicity in Fish

Genotoxic effect of cadmium and zinc in the peripheral erythrocytes of Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio B.)

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