Fischer–Tropsch synthesis: effect of ammonia impurities in syngas feed over a cobalt/alumina catalyst

Pendyala, Venkat Ramana Rao; Gnanamani, Muthu Kumaran; Jacobs, Gary; Ma, Wanhong; Shafer, Wilson D.; Davis, Burtron H.

doi:10.1016/j.apcata.2013.07.060

Cited by 37 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The effect of ammonia on FTS catalysts has been reported in a few studies. The effect of ammonia in syngas on the performance of a Co/Al 2 O 3 catalyst using a CSTR has been investigated recently at the following conditions: 220 o C, 2.0MPa and H 2 /CO = 2.0 [19]. Cofeeding 1.0-1200 ppmw ammonia was found to result in significant irreversible deactivation of the catalyst in the first 40 h; prolonged exposure at similar concentrations after that did not result in further significant changes in activity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fischer–Tropsch synthesis: Effect of ammonia in syngas on the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis performance of a precipitated iron catalyst

Jacobs

Sparks

et al. 2015

Journal of Catalysis

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The effect of ammonia in syngas on the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) reaction over 100 Fe/5.1 Si/2.0 Cu/3.0 K catalyst was studied at 220-270 o C and 1.3 MPa using a 1-L slurry phase reactor. The ammonia added in syngas originated from adding ammonia gas, ammonium hydroxide solution or ammonium nitrate (AN) solution. A wide range of ammonia concentrations (i.e., 0.1-400 ppm) was examined for several hundred hours. The Fe catalysts withdrawn at different times (i.e., after activation by carburization in CO, before and after cofeeding contaminants, and at the end of run) were characterized by ICP-OES, XRD, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and synchrotron methods (e.g., XANES, EXAFS) in order to explore possible changes in the chemical structure and phases of the Fe catalyst with time; in this way, the deactivation mechanism of the Fe catalyst by poisoning could be assessed. Adding up to 200 ppmw (wt. NH 3 /av. Wt. feed) ammonia in syngas did not significantly deactivate the Fe catalyst or alter selectivities toward CH 4 , C 5+ , CO 2 , C 4-olefin and 1-C 4 olefin, but increasing the ammonia level (in the AN form) to 400 ppm rapidly deactivated the Fe catalyst and simultaneously changed the product selectivities. The results of ICP-OES, XRD and Mössbauer spectroscopy did not display any evidence for the retention of a nitrogen-containing compound

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fischer–Tropsch synthesis: Effect of ammonia in syngas on the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis performance of a precipitated iron catalyst

Jacobs

Sparks

et al. 2015

Journal of Catalysis

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“…33 On the contrary, as presented in the symposium, hundreds hours of time-on-stream results indicate that a significant detrimental effect on the FT activity of Co/Al 2 O 3 is observed even adding 10 ppm NH 3 into syngas. In the case of product selectivity, the impact of NH 3 is clearly dependent on its concentration 34 . This finding is very important for FT synthesis by using biomass derived syngas, which frequently contains a certain amount of impure NH 3 .…”

Section: Ultraclean Fuels From Syngas Conversionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraclean Fuels Production and Utilization for the Twenty-First Century: Advances toward Sustainable Transportation Fuels

Fox

Liu

2013

Energy Fuels

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Ultraclean fuels production has become increasingly important as a method to help decrease emissions and allow for the introduction of alternative feedstocks for transportation fuels. Established methods, such as Fischer−Tropsch, have seen a resurgence of interest as natural gas prices drop and existing petroleum resources require more intensive cleanup and purification to meet stringent environmental standards. This review covers some of the advances in deep desulfurization and synthesis gas conversion into fuels and feedstocks that were presented at the 245th American Chemical Society (ACS) Spring Annual Meeting in New Orleans, LA, in the Division of Energy and Fuels symposium on "Ultraclean Fuels Production and Utilization".

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“…The poisoning may be especially problematic in the case of sewage sludge gasification, due to its high content of S and N [12,13]. Sulfur and nitrogen compounds present in the produced gas are a well-known catalyst poison [25][26][27]. Plasma methods, although the most expensive in terms of investment and operational cost, do not suffer from the drawback that can be attributed to other conversion methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sewage Sludge-Derived Producer Gas Valorization with the Use of Atmospheric Microwave Plasma

Wnukowski

Kordylewski

Łuszkiewicz

et al. 2019

Waste Biomass Valor

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Atmospheric microwave plasma was applied to the processing of the partially cleaned producer gas obtained from sewage sludge gasification. The plasma processing resulted in residual tar compounds conversion and changes in the gas composition. During the tests with a different gas flow rates and microwave power inputs, liquid and gaseous samples were collected to evaluate the plasma reactor's performance. The conversion efficiency ranged from 19 to 100% and it depended on the specific energy input (SEI), gas flow rate, initial tar concentration, and the nature of the tars compounds. Generally, it was shown that the conversion rate increased with the SEI and that the aliphatic, cyclic and substituted compounds were converted much easier than benzene. Moreover, applying plasma led to the production of heavier aromatics (i.e. naphthalene, indene, acenaphthylene) but the rise in their concentration was significantly smaller than the amount of converted compounds. The gas composition changes revealed in the increase of H 2 and CO concentration that was an effect of hydrocarbons and CO 2 conversion. Additionally, it was indicated that the microwave plasma reactor's performance was noticeably worse than in the case of the laboratory test with a simulated producer gas. This was mainly attributed to differences in the reactors' geometry, lower hydrogen concentration and the presence of inorganic deposit on the reactor's walls that might have inhibited microwaves transfer. In general, the microwave plasma technology seems promising in the context of cleaning and upgrading the producer gas, however, further optimization research is necessary to make it more reliable and less energy consuming. Graphic AbstractBiomass-derived producer gas treatment in the context of tar conversion is a current and important research issue. Many plasma techniques have been investigated to solve the problem of tar's presence. However, most of them considered simplified model mixtures of gas and a model tar compound. There is a negligible amount of research that applies a real producer gas obtained in the gasification process. Moreover, none of them includes microwave plasma, which has a few promising features considering producer gas valorization. Therefore, the main goal and novelty of this work were to investigate the microwave plasma treatment of the gas derived from sewage sludge gasification and to compare it with the results obtain in laboratory research using model mixtures.

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Fischer–Tropsch synthesis: effect of ammonia impurities in syngas feed over a cobalt/alumina catalyst

Cited by 37 publications

References 16 publications

Fischer–Tropsch synthesis: Effect of ammonia in syngas on the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis performance of a precipitated iron catalyst

Fischer–Tropsch synthesis: Effect of ammonia in syngas on the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis performance of a precipitated iron catalyst

Ultraclean Fuels Production and Utilization for the Twenty-First Century: Advances toward Sustainable Transportation Fuels

Sewage Sludge-Derived Producer Gas Valorization with the Use of Atmospheric Microwave Plasma

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