“…Ru is the most studied noble metal promoter and it has been frequently showed to play a role both in structural and electronic promotion. 146,149,155,157,[160][161][162][163][164][165][166][167][168]170,174,176,177,254,260 In the early nineties, Turney et al observed that the addition of Ru to Co/CeO 2 catalysts drastically increased the Co F-T activity without modifying the catalyst selectivity. 44,45 Results obtained from XPS and TPR indicated that Ru caused a decrease of the reduction temperature of supported Co 3 O 4 nanoparticles.…”