First-Year Migration and Natal Region Fidelity of Immature Ferruginous Hawks

Watson, James; Banasch, Ursula; Byer, Timothy; Svingen, Daniel N.; McCready, Robert; Hanni, David; Gerhardt, Rick

doi:10.3356/jrr-18-32

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…These young birds, representing 17% (9 of 53) of the birds 663 d old encountered in our study, were found primarily north of our study area in the summer, and south of our study area in winter, possibly suggesting some seasonality of their movements and indicating that some segments of this resident population may be more mobile than previously thought. Although southward movement in winter may describe a typical migration pattern, the northward movement seems to indicate that some young Red-shouldered Hawks may wander fairly widely prior to reaching breeding age, as do some other raptors (Soutullo et al 2006a, 2006b, Mojica et al 2008, Whitfield et al 2009, Faccio et al 2013, Morrison and Baird 2016, Watson et al 2019. Three of the four young birds found well to the north in summer were recovered in August of their first year, just a few weeks after fledging.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Post-fledging northward movement is also known from a few other species of raptors, including Bald Eagles (Broley 1947, Wood et al 1998, Millsap et al 2004, Linthicum et al 2007, Mojica et al 2008, Wood 2009, Hunt et al 2009, Red-tailed Hawks (Buteo jamaicensis; Bloom et al 2015), Ferruginous Hawks (Buteo regalis; Watson et al 2019), and Lesser Kestrels (Olea 2001). Improved foraging prospects may have favored such northward movements (Wood et al 1998, Linthicum et al 2007, Olea 2001, Bloom et al 2015.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dispersal and Survival of Red-Shouldered Hawks Banded in Suburban Southern Ohio, 1996–20181

Dykstra¹,

Hays²,

Simon³

et al. 2019

Journal of Raptor Research

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We used banding data to investigate dispersal and survival of Red-shouldered Hawks (Buteo lineatus) in two study areas in southern Ohio from 1996 to 2018. Of the 2448 nestlings we banded, 167 (6.8%) were encountered (dead or alive) some time after banding. Mean distance from the natal nest at the time of encounter was 31.6 6 6.2 km (median ¼ 10.0, range ¼ 0.1-568.6 km, n ¼ 163); natal dispersal distance averaged 16.0 6 1.9 km (median ¼ 9.0, range ¼ 1.4-117.1 km, n ¼ 110), and was significantly greater for females than for males. Most hawks dispersed ,30 km, but 11 hawks (6.7%) dispersed .100 km from their natal nest. Of these long-distance dispersers, nine (82%) were ,2 yr old, suggesting that some young birds wander widely prior to breeding. Dispersal distance differed by sex and age at encounter, with dispersal distance negatively correlated with age at encounter, and females dispersing farther (39.8 6 12.3 km) than males (22.8 6 9.86 km) and unknown-sex birds (33.9 6 10.6 km; all P , 0.05; means estimated from the logistical regression model). Dispersal direction for all birds followed a uniform distribution (P. 0.05); however, dispersal direction of long-distance dispersers was not uniform (P , 0.05) but bimodal, with hawks encountered either to the south or to the northeast of the study area. Mean age at recovery was 2.6 6 0.3 yr (median ¼ 1.5 yr, range ¼ 0.2-10.3 yr). As in other raptor species, apparent annual survival varied between age classes, with young birds (hatch-year and second-year) having lower apparent annual survival (0.49 6 0.03) than adult birds (0.76 6 0.03). Our study provides information on dispersal, survival, and causes of mortality of Red-shouldered Hawks, demographic data that are important for evaluating population trends and the sustainability of urban/suburban populations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersal and Survival of Red-Shouldered Hawks Banded in Suburban Southern Ohio, 1996–20181

Dykstra¹,

Hays²,

Simon³

et al. 2019

Journal of Raptor Research

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“…In contrast, and again consistent with our expectations, younger and apparently non-territorial hawks were not tied to a specific nesting site and therefore had larger home-ranges. Although we restricted analyses to periods of residency, larger homeranges of non-territorial birds may still be associated with a higher degree of local wandering and exploration for potential breeding sites (Miller et al 2017, Watson et al 2019, McCabe et al 2021. The larger home-ranges we observed outside of the breeding season could have been linked to reduction in habitat quality due to changes in factors such as prey availability (Moss et al 2014 or a reduction in defensive behaviour and sharing of resources (Grande et al 2009).…”

Section: Documenting the Expectedmentioning

confidence: 95%

Ferruginous Hawk movements respond predictably to intra‐annual variation but unexpectedly to anthropogenic habitats

Isted

Thomas

Warner

et al. 2023

Ibis

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Birds exhibit flexible movement responses to environmental variation across the annual cycle, and those responses can provide insight into potential impacts that environmental changes may have on these species. To understand year‐round variation in space use by Ferruginous Hawks Buteo regalis, we tracked 12 birds breeding in southwestern Idaho, USA, using GPS telemetry collected over 207 bird‐months. Home‐range sizes of territorial adult hawks showed strong intra‐annual variation, being smallest from April to June and largest from July to October. In contrast, juvenile birds (< 2 years old) did not appear to hold territories and showed no detectable intra‐annual variation in ranging behaviour. Association with land‐cover types by territorial birds varied between breeding and non‐breeding months and was linked to home‐range size. Home‐range sizes of non‐territorial birds were larger than those of territorial birds, and that size did not vary across the year. Association with anthropogenic habitats (irrigated cropland habitats that can provide high rodent densities and increased foraging opportunities) was negatively associated with home‐range size in months of the non‐breeding season. Unexpectedly, the opposite was true in the months of the breeding season, such that use of croplands resulted in larger home‐ranges. Patterns in home‐range size were probably linked to intrinsic factors such as the timing of breeding and migratory behaviour, and to extrinsic factors such as prey availability associated with specific land‐cover types. These results have implications for our understanding of the response of Ferruginous Hawks and other similar species to predicted changes in land cover, and they suggest unexpected relationships between human activity and wildlife behaviour. Furthermore, because the birds we tracked used a large portion of western North America, they are probably relevant far beyond the small area where these individuals were trapped.

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“…Nomadic movements can be made by young animals (prior to reaching breeding age) or by adults (during the breeding years). These last two types of movements are not always well differentiated in the literature, and prospecting by young animals sometimes can precede nomadism by adult animals (Watson et al, 2019; Watson & Keren, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpreting long‐distance movements of non‐migratory golden eagles: Prospecting and nomadism?

et al. 2022

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Movements by animals can serve different functions and occur over a variety of spatial and temporal scales. Routine movement types, such as residency (localized movements) and migration, have been well studied. However, nonroutine movement types, such as dispersal, prospecting, and nomadism, are less well understood. Documenting these rarely detected events requires tracking large numbers of individuals across all age classes. We studied >500 golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos) tracked by telemetry over a 10‐year period in western North America, of which 160 engaged in nonroutine, long‐distance (>300 km) movements. We identified spatial and temporal correlates of those movements at both small and large scales, and we quantified movement timing and direction. We further tested which age and sex classes of eagles were more likely to engage in these movements. Our analysis of 88,093 daily tracks suggested that distances traveled by eagles were responsive to the updraft potential of the spatial and temporal landscape they encountered. Tracks covered longer distances at locations and times of higher updraft potential, and older birds traveled farther than younger birds. By contrast, after decomposing daily tracks into 563 nonroutine, long‐distance movements measured at a multiday scale, only the duration of travel was responsive to environmental conditions encountered by eagles. Multiday trips that were longer were those initiated in open and warm landscapes and those that ended in mountainous regions. Finally, long‐distance movements were more frequently made in seasons other than winter, in north–south directions, and by young birds. We documented clear correlates of nonroutine, long‐distance movements by golden eagles at small, local scales but found little evidence of such correlates at larger, regional scales. Most long‐distance movements we documented fit patterns associated with traditional definitions of prospecting and nomadism but not migration. Our study is the first to describe these movement types by golden eagles, and as such provides a foundation for subsequent study into the movement ecology of other species.

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First-Year Migration and Natal Region Fidelity of Immature Ferruginous Hawks

Cited by 4 publications

References 32 publications

Dispersal and Survival of Red-Shouldered Hawks Banded in Suburban Southern Ohio, 1996–20181

Dispersal and Survival of Red-Shouldered Hawks Banded in Suburban Southern Ohio, 1996–20181

Ferruginous Hawk movements respond predictably to intra‐annual variation but unexpectedly to anthropogenic habitats

Interpreting long‐distance movements of non‐migratory golden eagles: Prospecting and nomadism?

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