First serological evidence of SARS-CoV-2 natural infection in small ruminants

Fusco, Giovanna; Cardillo, Lorena; Levante, Martina; Brandi, Sérgio Duarte; Picazio, Gerardo; Napoletano, Michele; Martucciello, Alessandra; Fiorito, Filomena; Carlo, Esterina De; Martinis, Claudio de

doi:10.1007/s11259-022-10044-3

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…However, these kits are not validated for all species and we do not know what the cross-reactivity is with some of the more divergent coronaviruses detected recently in European wildlife [42]. The results of these tests are usually confirmed with virus neutralization assays with false positives a common finding [39, 69]. These caveats make serology testing for an expected low case rate hard to interpret and this work remains for follow-up studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of detection of SARS-CoV-2 in British wildlife 2020–21 and first description of a stoat (Mustela erminea) Minacovirus

Apaa,

Withers,

Mackenzie

et al. 2023

Journal of General Virology

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Repeat spillover of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) into new hosts has highlighted the critical role of cross-species transmission of coronaviruses and establishment of new reservoirs of virus in pandemic and epizootic spread of coronaviruses. Species particularly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 spillover include Mustelidae (mink, ferrets and related animals), cricetid rodents (hamsters and related animals), felids (domestic cats and related animals) and white-tailed deer. These predispositions led us to screen British wildlife with sarbecovirus-specific quantitative PCR and pan coronavirus PCR assays for SARS-CoV-2 using samples collected during the human pandemic to establish if widespread spillover was occurring. Fourteen wildlife species (n=402) were tested, including: two red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), 101 badgers (Meles meles), two wild American mink (Neogale vison), 41 pine marten (Martes martes), two weasels (Mustela nivalis), seven stoats (Mustela erminea), 108 water voles (Arvicola amphibius), 39 bank voles (Myodes glareolous), 10 field voles (Microtus agrestis), 15 wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus), one common shrew (Sorex aranaeus), two pygmy shrews (Sorex minutus), two hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) and 75 Eurasian otters (Lutra lutra). No cases of SARS-CoV-2 were detected in any animals, but a novel minacovirus related to mink and ferret alphacoronaviruses was detected in stoats recently introduced to the Orkney Islands. This group of viruses is of interest due to pathogenicity in ferrets. The impact of this virus on the health of stoat populations remains to be established.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of detection of SARS-CoV-2 in British wildlife 2020–21 and first description of a stoat (Mustela erminea) Minacovirus

Apaa,

Withers,

Mackenzie

et al. 2023

Journal of General Virology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…These kits are not however validated for all species and we do not know what the cross reactivity is with some of the more divergent coronaviruses detected recently in European wildlife (Zamperin, Festa et al 2023). Results of these tests are usually confirmed with virus neutralisation assays with false positives a common finding (Davoust, Guérin et al 2022, Fusco, Cardillo et al 2023). These caveats make serology testing for an expected low case rate hard to interpret and this work remains for follow up studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lack of detection of SARS-CoV-2 in British wildlife 2020-21 and first description of a stoat (Mustela erminea) Minacovirus

Apaa

Withers

Mckenzie

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Repeat spill over of SARS-CoV-2 into new hosts has highlighted the critical role of cross species transmission of coronaviruses and establishment of new reservoirs of virus in pandemic and epizootic spread of coronaviruses. Species particularly susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 spill-over include Mustelidae (mink, ferrets and related animals) and cricetid rodents (hamsters and related animals). These predispositions led us to screen British wildlife with sarbecovirus specific qPCR and pan coronavirus PCR assays for SARS-CoV-2 using samples collected during the human pandemic to establish if widespread spill-over was occurring. Fourteen wildlife species (n=402) were tested, including : 2 Red Foxes (Vulpes vulpes), 101 Badgers (Meles meles), 2 wild American Mink (Neovison vison), 41 Pine Marten (Martes martes), 2 Weasels (Mustela nivalis), 7 Stoats (Mustela erminea), 108 Water Voles (Arvicola amphibius), 39 Bank voles (Myodes glareolous), 10 Field Voles ( Microtus agrestis), 15 Wood Mice (Apodemus sylvaticus), 1 Common Shrew (Sorex aranaeus), 2 Pygmy Shrews (Sorex minutus), 2 Hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) and 75 Eurasian Otters (Lutra lutra). No cases of SARS-CoV-2 were detected in any animals, however a novel minacovirus related to mink and ferret alphacoronaviruses was detected in stoats recently introduced to the Orkney Islands. This group of viruses is of interest due to pathogenicity in ferrets. The impact of this virus on the health of stoat populations remains to be established.

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“…Further, within the Betacoronavirus, BCoV is among the most similar viruses to SARS-CoV-2 (29,30). Indeed, cattle can be experimentally infected with SARS-CoV-2 (31)(32)(33) and bovine coronaviruses have spilled over to humans before -current strains of BCoV can be cultured in human rectal adenocarcinoma cells, demonstrating that cross-species infection is still a risk, if not a common event already (6,34,35). Other works have already discussed the immunological impacts that coronaviruses of domestic animals could have on humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In silicoassessment of immune cross protection between BCoV and SARS-CoV-2

Querne,

Bastos,

dos Anjos Adur

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: Humans have long shared infectious agents with cattle, and the bovine-derived human common cold OC-43 CoV is a not-so-distant example of cross-species viral spill over of coronaviruses. Human exposure to the Bovine Coronavirus (BCoV) is certainly common, as the virus is endemic in most high-density cattle-raising regions. Since BCoVs are phylogenetically close to SARS-CoV-2, it is possible that cross-protection against COVID-19 occurs in people exposed to BCoV. Methods: This article shows an in silico investigation of human cross-protection to SARS-CoV-2 due to BCoV exposure. We determined HLA recognition and human B lymphocyte reactivity to BCoV epitopes using bioinformatics resources. A retrospective geoepidemiological analysis of COVID-19 was then performed to verify if BCoV/SARS-CoV-2 cross-protection could have occurred in the field. Brazil was used as a model for the epidemiological analysis of the impact of livestock density, as a proxy for human exposure to BCoV, on the prevalence of COVID-19 in people. Results: As could be expected from their classification in the same Betacoronavirus genus, we show that several human B and T epitopes are shared between BCoV and SARS-CoV-2. This raised the possibility of cross-protection of people from exposure to the bovine coronavirus. Analysis of field data added partial support to the hypothesis of viral cross-immunity from human exposure to BCoV. There was a negative correlation between livestock geographical density and COVID-19. Whole-Brazil data showed areas in the country in which COVID-19 prevalence was disproportionally low (controlled by normalization by transport infrastructure). Areas with high cattle density had lower COVID-19 prevalence in these low-risk areas. Conclusions: These data are hypothesis-raising indications that cross-protection is possibly being induced by human exposure to the Bovine Coronavirus.

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First serological evidence of SARS-CoV-2 natural infection in small ruminants

Cited by 12 publications

References 30 publications

Lack of detection of SARS-CoV-2 in British wildlife 2020–21 and first description of a stoat (Mustela erminea) Minacovirus

Lack of detection of SARS-CoV-2 in British wildlife 2020–21 and first description of a stoat (Mustela erminea) Minacovirus

Lack of detection of SARS-CoV-2 in British wildlife 2020-21 and first description of a stoat (Mustela erminea) Minacovirus

In silicoassessment of immune cross protection between BCoV and SARS-CoV-2

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