Lack of detection of SARS-CoV-2 in British wildlife 2020–21 and first description of a stoat (Mustela erminea) Minacovirus

Apaa, Ternenge; Withers, Amy J.; Mackenzie, Laura; Staley, Ceri; Dessi, Nicola; Blanchard, Adam; Bennett, Malcolm; Bremner-Harrison, Samantha; Chadwick, Elizabeth A.; Hailer, Frank; Harrison, Stephen W. R.; Lambin, Xavier; Loose, Matthew; Mathews, Fiona; Tarlinton, Rachael

doi:10.1099/jgv.0.001917

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 96 publications

(126 reference statements)

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“…It is worth mentioning that during the first two years of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, no evidence of the virus infection was found in wild mink ( Neogale vison and Mustela lutreola ) in Northern Spain [ 80 ]. This finding is consistent with that of a British wildlife study [ 81 ].…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 Outbreaks In Farmed Minksupporting

confidence: 94%

SARS-CoV-2 Outbreaks on Mink Farms—A Review of Current Knowledge on Virus Infection, Spread, Spillover, and Containment

Jahid,

Bowman,

Nolting

2024

Viruses

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Many studies have been conducted to explore outbreaks of SARS-CoV-2 in farmed mink and their intra-/inter-species spread and spillover to provide data to the scientific community, protecting human and animal health. Studies report anthropozoonotic introduction, which was initially documented in April 2020 in the Netherlands, and subsequent inter-/intra-species spread of SARS-CoV-2 in farmed mink, likely due to SARS-CoV-2 host tropism capable of establishing efficient interactions with host ACE2 and the mink hosts’ ability to enhance swift viral transmission due to their density, housing status, and occupational contacts. Despite the rigorous prevention and control measures adopted, transmission of the virus within and between animal species was efficient, resulting in the development of mink-associated strains able to jump back and forth among the mink hosts and other animal/human contacts. Current knowledge recognizes the mink as a highly susceptible animal host harboring the virus with or without clinical manifestations, furthering infection transmission as a hidden animal reservoir. A One Health approach is, thus, recommended in SARS-CoV-2 surveillance and monitoring on mink farms and of their susceptible contact animals to identify and better understand these potential animal hosts.

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Section: Sars-cov-2 Outbreaks In Farmed Minksupporting

confidence: 94%

SARS-CoV-2 Outbreaks on Mink Farms—A Review of Current Knowledge on Virus Infection, Spread, Spillover, and Containment

Jahid,

Bowman,

Nolting

2024

Viruses

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The Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A Virus at the Human–Animal Interface

Anderson,

Medina,

Nelson

2024

Genetics and Evolution of Infectious Diseases

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Multiple novel caliciviruses identified from stoats (Mustela erminea) in the United Kingdom

Hinds,

Apaa,

Parry

et al. 2024

Access Microbiology

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The Caliciviridae family, comprising positive-sense RNA viruses, is characterised by its non-enveloped, small virions, broad host range, and notable tendency for host switching. These viruses are primarily associated with gastroenteric disease, though they can lead to haemorrhagic or respiratory infections. Our study employed a metagenomics analysis of faecal samples from stoats (Mustela erminea), identifying two novel calicivirus species, named stoat vesivirus and stoat valovirus. Stoat vesivirus was identified in three samples (ST008, ST006, ST004), exhibiting a genome wide nucleotide identity of approximately 92 %. The complete coding sequences of these samples were 8471 (ST004) and 8322 (ST006) nucleotides in length, respectively. Each comprised three open reading frames (ORF), closely resembling the Vesivirus mink calicivirus (China/2/2016), with 70–72 % similarity in ORF1, 61–62 % in ORF2 and 71 % in ORF3. Phylogenetic analysis robustly supported stoat vesivirus as belonging within the Vesivirus genus. The second calivicirus (stoat valovirus), detected solely in sample ST008, was 6527 nucleotides in length and with complete coding sequences present. It shared highest similarity with St-Valérien swine virus and marmot norovirus HT16, showing 39.5 and 38.8 % protein identity with ORF1 and 43.3 and 42.9 % for VP1. Stoat valovirus is borderline for meeting the ICTV criteria for a new genus, demonstrating 60 % divergence in ORF1 compared to the other valovirus’, however it clusters basally within the Valovirus genus, supporting leaving it included in this genus.

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Lack of detection of SARS-CoV-2 in British wildlife 2020–21 and first description of a stoat (Mustela erminea) Minacovirus

Cited by 3 publications

References 96 publications

SARS-CoV-2 Outbreaks on Mink Farms—A Review of Current Knowledge on Virus Infection, Spread, Spillover, and Containment

SARS-CoV-2 Outbreaks on Mink Farms—A Review of Current Knowledge on Virus Infection, Spread, Spillover, and Containment

The Evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza A Virus at the Human–Animal Interface

Multiple novel caliciviruses identified from stoats (Mustela erminea) in the United Kingdom

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