First report on molecular characterization of Leishmania species from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients in southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan

Hussain, Mubashir; Munir, Shahzad; Ayaz, Sultan; Khattak, Bahar Ullah; Khan, Taj Ali; Muhammad, Niaz; Anees, Muhammad; Rahman, Hazir; Qasim, Muhammad; Jamal, Muhammad Ameen; Ahmed, Irfan; Kashif, Rahim; Mazhar, Humaira; Watanay, Noha; Kasbari, Mohamed

doi:10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.07.015

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Unfortunately, there was no authentic record of leishmaniasis in Pakistan before 1935 till a seismic eruption observed in Quetta (Kakarsulemankhel, 2004). The first record of it was from the northern mountainous region in 1996 (Hussain et al, 2017). Since then about 20,000 of the cases annually reported (Khan et al, 2016).…”

Section: Staining and Diagnosis By Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the largest populated city Karachi, Pakistan

et al. 2023

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Abstract. The study was undertaken from September 2018 to April 2019 to determine the prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in human beings living in six districts of Karachi. Suspected persons were screened for the disease and positive cases were identified on the basis of skin lesions and blood samples. Samples were observed by mounting their smear. A total of 207 subjects of different ages and sex groups were investigated, however, only 192 (92%) of the suspected cases were found to have the disease 64% of cases were male which were significantly high (p<0.05), than female 36%. The lesion was more frequently detected among the youth ages of 21-30 years (31%) as compared to other groups. In both sexes, legs were found to be more infected (25% male + 20% female) followed by arms (20% male + 0% female) and face (15% male +11% female). The mixed body parts had shown the lowest infections such as (4% in males + 5%) in females. In conclusion, the highest and lowest leishmaniasis infections were observed in District West (23% male + 9% female) followed by District East (15% male + 7% female), District Malir (11% male+ 4% female), District Central (7% male + 5% female), District Korangi (4% male + 7% female) and District South (4% male + 4% female) respectively.

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Section: Staining and Diagnosis By Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The biggest outbreaks of 11,000 cases were reported from Sindh areas viz; Dadu and Larkana (Marco et al, 2006). Cutaneous leishmaniasis is wide-spread and most prevalent in almost all provinces of Pakistan (Marco et al, 2006;Hussain et al, 2017).…”

Section: Staining and Diagnosis By Microscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the largest populated city Karachi, Pakistan

et al. 2023

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“…Pakistan, the southeast neighbor of Iran, is endemic for both ACL and ZCL. L. tropica is widely distributed in different parts of all provinces in this country, but notable areas of high endemicity include the Afghan refugee camps in northwest Pakistan (102), the west-northwest province of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province (5.17%), which borders Afghanistan, and Baluchistan province, the south-SW province bordering Iran (103). L. tropica is also found in Punjab and Sind provinces.…”

Section: Pakistanmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Geographical Distribution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Causative Agents in Iran and Its Neighboring Countries, A Review

Ghatee

Taylor

Karamian

2020

Front. Public Health

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Leishmania tropica and Leishmania major are both the main cause of anthroponotic (ACL) and zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ZCL), respectively, in the Old World. Leishmania infantum and Leishmania donovani, which are important causes of visceral leishmaniasis, have also occasionally been reported in CL patients. The present study investigates the current distribution of causative species of CL in Iran and neighboring countries in the Middle East. There has been expansion of L. tropica into new urban and rural foci in Iran, with well-documented cases of visceralization, a substantial increase of CL in Syria, and the emergence of new foci and outbreaks in Turkey and Iraq, especially due to L. major. Civil war in Syria and Iraq, population movement, poverty, and climatic change play important roles in the changing CL distribution in this region. Control programs should adopt a multidisciplinary approach based on active surveillance and case finding, especially in vulnerable refugee populations, determination of hazard maps for CL hot points using GIS and other advanced technology, the free distribution of drugs, rodent control, and greater community engagement in poor and marginalized populations. Comprehensive molecular studies that could show the species and strains of Leishmania in different areas of each country can give a better view from the distribution of CL in this region.

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“…major , is mostly spread because of the influx of several million refugees into this province [ 15 ]. Various endemic foci have been registered regularly from various tribal agencies [ 15 , 19 ] and other settled districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, including Dera Ismail Khan [ 20 ], Kohat [ 13 , 14 ], Karak [ 16 , 21 ], Dir [ 22 ], Sawat [ 23 ], Charsadda [ 24 ], and Malakand [ 25 ] among others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study area is important because millions of IDPs migrated to camps, during military operations against terrorism in the South and North Waziristan Agency by Pakistan armed forces [ 29 ], located in these districts. The IDPs had migrated from hyperendemic areas (Pak-Afghan border) which may result in high cutaneous leishmaniasis prevalence in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa [ 14 ]. Therefore, it is indispensable to explore the prevalence of the infection in people with cutaneous lesions suspected of having cutaneous leishmaniasis in the above-mentioned remote districts and to assess the participant’s knowledge, attitude, and practices about the disease and its control.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge, attitude, and practices towards cutaneous leishmaniasis in referral cases with cutaneous lesions: A cross-sectional survey in remote districts of southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Ahmad

Obaid²,

Taimur³

et al. 2022

PLoS ONE

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Background Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by Leishmania spp. and transmitted by female sandflies. Terrorism and counter-insurgency military operations in Federally Administered Tribal Areas (FATA) lead to a large-scale migration of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and thus, new outbreaks of several infectious diseases such as cutaneous leishmaniasis occurred. This study intended to find the prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in people with cutaneous lesions suspected of having cutaneous leishmaniasis in four remote districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and to assess the participant’s knowledge, attitude, and practices about the infection and its control. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in four remote districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa including Karak, Lakki Marwat, Tank, and Dera Ismail Khan (D. I. Khan) and a total of 1,674 participants were recruited using a convenience sampling technique. Results The prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis among the participants with cutaneous lesions was 50.4% and the infection was comparatively more prevalent in district Karak. Among participants, 56.8% were male and mostly, 53.8% were under the age of 16 years with 52.8% living in kutcha houses and were from rural areas. Multiple skin lesions were more common, and the face was frequently affected body part. The ratio of participants with lesions older than a month was higher and the majority confronted infections with blood protozoan parasites for the first time. Most participants were unaware of the signs/symptoms of the disease, basic knowledge of the vectors, anthroponotic spread, preventive measures, secondary infections, and reservoir hosts. The use of wood/animal dung as fuel, closeness with reservoir animals, and no use of insect repellents were some of the notable risk factors. Conclusion Cutaneous leishmaniasis is highly prevalent in the study area and a very low level of awareness was reported among the participants. This study necessitates the planning and execution of regulations and preventive programs, public health education, awareness campaigns, and disease management practices to overcome future incidence of cutaneous leishmaniasis.

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First report on molecular characterization of Leishmania species from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients in southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

Prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the largest populated city Karachi, Pakistan

Prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the largest populated city Karachi, Pakistan

The Geographical Distribution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Causative Agents in Iran and Its Neighboring Countries, A Review

Knowledge, attitude, and practices towards cutaneous leishmaniasis in referral cases with cutaneous lesions: A cross-sectional survey in remote districts of southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

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