First report of Trypanosoma vivax infection in dairy cattle from Costa Rica

Oliveira, Jaqueline Bianque de; Hernández-Gamboa, Jorge; Jiménez-Alfaro, C.; Ze­l­e­dón­, Rodri­go; Blandón, M.; Urbina, Andrea

doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.03.051

Cited by 29 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In South America, it was probably introduced around 1830 through infected cattle from Africa, and mechanical transmission occurs by means of tabanids such as Stomoxys calcitrans and probably other biting flies (SILVA et al, 1996;VENTURA et al, 2001;JONES;OSÓRIO et al, 2008). Natural infection with T. vivax has been reported in cattle in several countries: Surinam, Venezuela, Colombia, Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Peru and Costa Rica (CLARKSON, 1976;SILVA et al, 1998b;QUISPE et al, 2003;GARCIA et al, 2005;OSÓRIO et al, 2008;OLIVEIRA et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First report of Trypanosoma vivax outbreak in dairy cattle in São Paulo state, Brazil

Cadioli

Barnabé²,

Machado

et al. 2012

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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This is the first description of a Trypanosoma vivax outbreak in the state of São Paulo (municipality of Lins). Fever, jaundice, decreased milk production, weight loss, profuse diarrhea, abortion, anemia, leukocytosis and hyperfibrinogenemia were observed in the affected animals. Thirty-one cows and calves died out of a total of 1080 in the herd. Three cows showed neurological symptoms like dysmetria, ataxia, muscle weakness, ptyalism, lymph node enlargement and submandibular edema. Flagellated hemoparasites were observed in blood smears. The species was diagnosed as T. vivax by means of PCR. This T. vivax strain showed resistance to diaminazene aceturate and the infection spread quickly at the herd. From the ELISA test, 599 serum samples (98.36%) were positive for anti-T. vivax IgG antibodies. This outbreak occurred during a very dry period, which indicates that other factors were involved in the outbreak, such as absence of tabanids and large populations of Haematobia irritans and Stomoxys calcitrans. The increases in these populations may have been due to the use of biosolid waste from sugar and ethanol plants in the sugarcane plantations surrounding the dairy farm.Keywords: Bovine, trypanosomiasis, natural infection, anemia, T. vivax, PCR. ResumoEsta é a primeira descrição de um surto de Trypanosoma vivax ocorrido no Estado de São Paulo, no município de Lins. Animais acometidos apresentaram febre, icterícia, diminuição da produção de leite, perda de peso, diarreia profusa, abortos, anemia, leucocitose e hiperfibrigenemia. Foram registrados 31 óbitos de vacas e bezerros em 1.080 bovinos no total. Três vacas apresentaram sintomatologia nervosa, como dismetria, ataxia e fraqueza muscular, além de ptialismo, aumento de linfonodos e edema submandibular. Hemoparasitas flagelados foram observados em esfregaços sanguíneos, e a espécie de tripanossomo foi diagnosticada como T. vivax por PCR. A cepa de T. vivax mostrou ser resistente ao tratamento com aceturato de diaminozeno e a infecção disseminou rapidamente no rebanho. Pelo ELISA, observou-se que 98,36% (599) das amostras de soro colhidas apresentaram títulos positivos para IgG anti-T. vivax. O surto ocorreu em condições de baixa precipitação pluviométrica, fato que indica que outros fatores estavam envolvidos na ocorrência desse surto, como a ausência de tabanídeos e a grande presença de Haematobia irritans e Stomoxys calcitrans, cujo aumento populacional pode ser devido ao uso de resíduos de usinas de açúcar e álcool nos canaviais que circundavam a granja leiteira.Palavras-chave: Bovino, tripanossomíase, infecção natural, anemia, T. vivax, PCR.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First report of Trypanosoma vivax outbreak in dairy cattle in São Paulo state, Brazil

Cadioli

Barnabé²,

Machado

et al. 2012

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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“…vivax was introduced into Latin America with cattle imported from Africa, probably in the late nineteenth century, and nowadays is a widespread parasite in Central and South America (Jones and Dávila 2001;Cortez et al 2006Cortez et al , 2009. The transportation of cattle herds had been the mean of dispersion for T. vivax related to many countries such as French Guyana, Colombia, Panama, Bolivia, Venezuela, and Costa Rica (Silva et al 1998;Desquesnes 2004;García et al 2006;Oliveira et al 2009). In Brazil, T. vivax was initially reported in Pará State, where the parasite was detected in a water buffalo showing fever and emaciation (Shaw and Lainson 1972).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly debilitating natural Trypanosoma vivax infections in Brazilian calves: epidemiology, pathology, and probable transplacental transmission

et al. 2011

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Clinical, epidemiological, and pathological aspects of trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma vivax in calves were reported for the first time in northeast Brazil. Clinical and epidemiological data, packed cell volumes (PCV), and parasitemia were assessed in 150 calves in May 2009 (rainy season-survey 1) and in 153 calves in November 2009 (dry season-survey 2) in three farms (A, B, and C). Prevalence of T. vivax in calves examined in the survey 1 was 63.3%, 65.0%, and 80.0% in farms A, B, and C, respectively. Morbidity varied from 63.3% to 80%, mortality from 15% to 30% and lethality from 23% to 37.5%. In survey 1, for all farms, high parasitemia (from 30.3 to 26.2 × 10(6) parasites/mL), fever (from 39.8 to 40.3°C), low PCV (from 15.7% to 18.1%), and body score (from 2.5 to 3.5) were detected. Calves showed depression, weight loss, pale mucous membranes, enlarged lymph nodes, edema of the dewlap, cough, coryza, and diarrhea. The animals from farms A and B were treated with diminazene aceturate. Six months after, in survey 2, non-treated calves from farm C showed values for prevalence (81.82), morbidity (81.82), mortality (12.73), and lethality (15.55) similar to those in survey 1 (P > 0.05). Also in survey 2, four calves aging merely 1-3 days old presented high parasitemia levels (from 32 × 10(6) to 74 × 10(6) parasites/mL), suggesting transplacental transmission. In conclusion, trypanosomiasis by T. vivax constitutes high prevalent disease for calves raised in Brazilian semiarid and may have transplacental transmission.

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“…Some of those animals showed mixed infection with A. marginale, Trypanosoma vivax and Babesia bovis (OLIVEIRA et al, 2009). Because of that, the above authors highlight the role of molecular assays in improvement of diagnosis of haemoparasites.…”

Section: Correlation In Microscopic Examination Serological and Molementioning

confidence: 98%

“…The presence of A. marginale was detected in blood smears of calves showing clinical signs such as fever, anemia, abortion or preterm birth and marked weight loss (OLIVEIRA et al, 2009). Some of those animals showed mixed infection with A. marginale, Trypanosoma vivax and Babesia bovis (OLIVEIRA et al, 2009).…”

Section: Correlation In Microscopic Examination Serological and Molementioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal study of risk factors for anaplasmosis and transplacental transmission in herd cattle

2014

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Anaplasma marginale, bacteria that occurs in tropical and subtropical areas throughout the world, is responsible for causing a disease that is one of the most constraint to cattle production in many countries. The present work aimed to investigate potential risk factors for anaplasmosis and the occurrence of transplacental transmission by molecular and serological assays in cattle. A total of 22 calves were randomly sampled and monitored during four years; the presence of infection/exposure to A. marginale was assessed by a semi-nested PCR assay targeting msp-5 gene of A. marginale, indirect ELISA for detection of IgG antibodies to A. marginale and blood smears. The A. marginale infection prevalence data were analyzed in relation to risk factors, using chi-squared, odds ratio and multiple logistic regressions. DNA amplification results revealed a frequency of infection with A. marginale of 41% (9/22) in the newborn calves before colostrum suckling. However, only 14% (3/22) of newborn calves were seropositive for A. marginale. All calves were positive to A. marginale by PCR and microscopic examination of blood smears before the two and fourth month of age, respectively. The main risk factors associated with seroprevalence were breed (OR=36.2), tick infestation (OR=3.44) and stocking density (OR=3.28). The results indicated that exposure of cattle to A. marginale was common in dairy herds and endemic instability situation probably is due to inadequate antibody production in cows or genetic variability of pathogen. This study still demonstrated that in addition to transmission of A. marginale by ticks and flies, the transplacental transmission is very important and should be the target of disease control programs in Brazil. Key words: Anaplasma marginale, blood smear, ELISA, PCR ResumoAnaplasma marginale, bactéria que ocorre em regiões tropicais e subtropicais do mundo, é responsável por causar uma das doenças que mais restringem a criação de bovinos em diversos países. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar potenciais fatores de risco para a anaplasmose e a ocorrência de transmissão transplacentária por ensaios moleculares e sorológicos em bovinos. (OR = 3,28). Os resultados indicaram que a exposição de gado para A. marginale era comum nos rebanhos leiteiros e a situação de instabilidade endêmica provavelmente se faz devido à produção inadequada de anticorpos em vacas ou a variabilidade genética do patógeno. Este estudo demonstra ainda que, além da transmissão de A. marginale por carrapatos e moscas, a transmissão transplacentária é muito importante e deve ser alvo de programas de controle da doença no Brasil.

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First report of Trypanosoma vivax infection in dairy cattle from Costa Rica

Cited by 29 publications

References 18 publications

First report of Trypanosoma vivax outbreak in dairy cattle in São Paulo state, Brazil

First report of Trypanosoma vivax outbreak in dairy cattle in São Paulo state, Brazil

Highly debilitating natural Trypanosoma vivax infections in Brazilian calves: epidemiology, pathology, and probable transplacental transmission

Longitudinal study of risk factors for anaplasmosis and transplacental transmission in herd cattle

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