First Report of the Root Lesion Nematode, Pratylenchus hippeastri, on Apple in South Africa

Molecular and morphological characterization of the amaryllis lesion nematode, Pratylenchus hippeastri (Inserra et al., 2007), from California

“…Based upon the unambiguous similarity of all examined DNA markers with those previously reported for the species by several authors (Gozel et al, 2007;Subbotin et al, 2008;DeLuca et al, 2010;Wang et al, 2016;Knoetze et al, 2019;Shokoohi, 2019) and the morphological data by Inserra et al (2007), we identify this isolate as Pratylenchus hippeastri (Inserra et al, 2007). To our knowledge this represents the first report of the amaryllis lesion nematode (Pratylenchus hippeastri) in California as well as the first report on grapevine.…”

“…Evaluations of intraspecific and interspecific variation were conducted using sequence alignment algorithms within Geneious Prime 2020.1.0). Phylogenetic analysis was conducted by Bayesian Inference (Huelsenbeck and Ronquist, 2001) via the CIPRES Gateway (Miller et al, 2010) plug-in in Geneious. For COI sequence alignments, the model of nucleotide evolution was determined with jModelTest 2.1.7 (Darriba et al, 2012) to be GTR + I + G, according to Akaike Information Criteria (AIC).…”

“…Pratylenchus hippeastri , also known as the amaryllis lesion nematode, has been previously reported only from Florida ( Gozel et al, 2007 ; DeLuca et al, 2010 ), China ( Wang et al, 2016 ) and more recently from South Africa ( Shokoohi, 2019 ; Knoetze et al, 2019 ). Currently, the host range of this nematode is narrow, being reported only on three hosts, amaryllis, bromeliads, and apples ( Gozel et al, 2007 ; DeLuca et al., 2010 ; Wang et al, 2016 ; Knoetze et al., 2019 ) and from the rhizosphere around Cape Willow trees, Salix mucronata ( Shokoohi, 2019 ). This report represents the first detection of this species on grapevines in California, thus representing the second report of this nematode in North America.…”

“…The large number of species as well as the vast number of hosts makes this genus very important from an economic perspective. Pratylenchus hippeastri, also known as the amaryllis lesion nematode, has been previously reported only from Florida (Gozel et al, 2007;DeLuca et al, 2010), China (Wang et al, 2016) and more recently from South Africa (Shokoohi, 2019;Knoetze et al, 2019). Currently, the host range of this nematode is narrow, being reported only on three hosts, amaryllis, bromeliads, First report of Pratylenchus hippeastri from California: Handoo et al and apples (Gozel et al, 2007;DeLuca et al, 2010;Wang et al, 2016;Knoetze et al, 2019) and from the rhizosphere around Cape Willow trees, Salix mucronata (Shokoohi, 2019).…”

Toward a holistic view of orchard ecosystem dynamics: A comprehensive review of the multiple factors governing development or suppression of apple replant disease

“…To date, P. penetrans has not been reported to infect apple trees in any of the growing regions of that country (Khan et al, 2016). It should also be noted that other species of Pratylenchus have been implicated in ARD depending on the geographic region (Colbran, 1953;Knoetze et al, 2021). For example, P. coffeae was shown to be a significant factor contributing to disease development in the Granite Belt region of Australia (Colbran, 1953).…”