First report of the cactus cyst nematode, Cactodera cacti, from a cactus garden in Idaho

Self Cite

In August of 2021, several cysts with juveniles and eggs were discovered during a vegetation survey conducted at the Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia. Eight soil samples were collected from the rhizosphere region of the common grass (Festuca arundinacea L.) and processed at the Mycology and Nematology Genetic Diversity and Biology Laboratory (MNGDBL). Cysts were light to dark brown in color, and oval to pear-shaped without bullae in young cysts but present in older cysts and with prominent vulval cone. The juveniles had slightly concave stylet knobs projecting sometimes anteriorly, tail tapering gradually to a narrowly rounded terminus, and hyaline tail terminus conspicuous at least twice the length of stylet. The molecular analysis included the analysis of three gene sequence fragments: D2–D3 of 28S rRNA, ITS rRNA, and COI. The nematode species was identified by both morphological and molecular means as Stone's cyst nematode, Punctodera stonei. Detection of P. stonei in Virginia represents a new record of this species in the United States, and a second report after Canada in North America.

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and Molecular Characterization of Punctodera stonei Brzeski, 1998 (Nematoda: Heteroderidae) from Virginia, USA

Kantor

Subbotin

Huse

et al. 2022

Self Cite

“…The amplified region of Hsp90 contains a relatively high degree of polymorphism, particularly within the introns, providing a rich source of intraspecific variation upon which to separate species. Coding regions or translated protein sequences also contain information that may prove beneficial for phylogenetic analysis of circumfenestrate nematodes ( Skantar et al, 2019 , 2020 ).…”

Section: Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First report of Cactodera milleri Graney and Bird, 1990 from Colorado and Minnesota

Skantar

Handoo

Kantor

et al. 2021

Self Cite

In 2019, Cactodera milleri cysts were discovered from soil samples collected from a Chenopodium quinoa field, located in Mosca, Alamosa county, Colorado, USA. Approximately 200 lemon shaped cysts and several hundred juveniles were recovered from the affected quinoa plants. The same species was also identified from several counties in Minnesota from samples submitted over the years by the Minnesota Department of Agriculture as part of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) efforts to survey states for the presence of Pale Potato Cyst Nematode. The cysts and juveniles (J2) were recovered from soil samples through sieving and Baermann funnel extraction. The nematode species was identified by both morphological and molecular means as Cactodera milleri (Graney and Bird, 1990). To our knowledge this represents the first report of Cactodera milleri from Colorado and Minnesota.

“…Cactodera is a cyst-forming nematode genus of the Heteroderidae erected by Krall and Krall (1978) and the type species is cactus cyst nematode, Cactodera cacti (Filipjev and Schuurmans Stekhoven, 1941) Krall and Krall, 1978 , which is distributed worldwide and mainly damaged plants of the family Cactaceae grown in glasshouse as ornamental ( Skantar et al, 2019 ). Cactodera spp.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A new cyst-forming nematode, Cactodera tianzhuensis n. sp. (Nematoda:Heteroderinae) from Polygonum viviparum in China with a key to the Genus Cactodera

et al. 2021

A new cyst-forming nematode, Cactodera tianzhuensis n. sp. was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Polygonum viviparum L. in Tianzhu county, China. Morphologically, the new species is characterized by lemon-shaped or rounded cysts that have protruding necks and vulval cones. The vulval cone of the new species appeared to be circumfenestrate without bullae and underbridge, vulval denticle present and anus distinct. Second-stage juveniles are vermiform, stylet well-developed with the rounded stylet knobs to slightly concave anteriorly. Lateral field with four incisures. Tail gradually tapering to a finely rounded terminus with a length of ca 54 (47-59) µm, outline of hyaline portion is V-shaped or U-shaped. Egg shells without visible markings or punctations. The phylogenetic analyses based on ITS-rDNA, D2-D3 of 28S-rDNA clearly revealed that the new species formed a separate clade from other Cactodera species, which further support the unique status of C. tianzhuensis n. sp. Therefore, it is described herein as a new species of the genus Cactodera.