First report of rabies in vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus) in an urban area, Ubatuba, São Paulo state, Brazil

Ferraz, Cláudia Elise; Achkar, Samira Maria; Kotait, Ivanete

doi:10.1590/s0036-46652007000600010

Cited by 23 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Information about the confi rmed Desmodus rotundus rabies cases describes the bats feeding during the day or being found dead in places with cattle or in caves with a large concentration of individuals, in areas with high numbers of bovine cases 19,22 . Only one case of a Desmodus rotundus bat positive for rabies in an urban area has been described in the literature; this bat was found in Ubatuba, State of São Paulo 24 .…”

Section: Ethical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rabies surveillance in bats in Northwestern State of São Paulo

Casagrande

Favaro

Carvalho

et al. 2014

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Introduction:Rabies is an important zoonosis that occurs in mammals, with bats acting as Lyssavirus reservoirs in urban, rural and natural areas. Rabies cases in bats have been recorded primarily in urban areas in Northwestern State of São Paulo since 1998. This study investigated the circulation of rabies virus by seeking to identify the virus in the brain in several species of bats in this region and by measuring rabies-virus neutralizing antibody levels in the hematophagous bat Desmodus rotundus. Methods: From 2008 to 2012, 1,490 bat brain samples were sent to the Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Rabies Laboratory in Araçatuba, and 125 serum samples from vampire bats that were captured in this geographical region were analyzed. Results: Rabies virus was detected in the brains of 26 (2%) of 1,314 non-hematophagous bats using the fl uorescent antibody test (FAT) and the mouse inoculation test (MIT). None of the 176 hematophagous bat samples were positive for rabies virus when a virus detection test was utilized. Out of 125 vampire bat serum samples, 9 (7%) had levels of rabies virus neutralization antibodies (RVNAs) that were higher than 0.5IU/mL; 65% (81/125) had titers between 0.10IU/mL and 0.5IU/mL; and 28% (35/125) were negative for RVNAs using the simplifi ed fl uorescent inhibition microtest (SFIMT) in BHK21 cells. The observed positivity rate (1.7%) was higher than the average positivity rate of 1.3% that was previously found in this region. Conclusions: The high percentage of vampire bats with neutralizing antibodies suggests that recent rabies virus exposure has occurred, indicating the necessity of surveillance measures in nearby regions that are at risk to avoid diffusion of the rabies virus and possible rabies occurrences.

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Section: Ethical Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rabies surveillance in bats in Northwestern State of São Paulo

Casagrande

Favaro

Carvalho

et al. 2014

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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“…Regarding the circumstances of locating positive bats, observation showed that 52.59% of the bats were found in atypical situations, such as on the ground, including one report of D. rotundus in a residential garden in an urban area 29 , inside houses (11.34%) and hanging in buildings (8.24%). Two cases of positive colonies captured while roosting in roofs (1.03%) were reported, but the first specimens of these colonies were captured on the ground, leading to the location of the shelter 3,43 .…”

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confidence: 99%

Updated list of bat species positive for rabies in Brazil

Sodré

Gama

Almeida

2010

Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo

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SUMMARYThis paper presents an updated list of bat species positive for rabies in Brazil. It was developed based on database research via the internet, of international and national literature and annals of the most important technical and scientific meetings related to rabies and chiroptera in Brazil from 1996 to 2009. The new list of rabies positive bats consists of 41 species, belonging to 25 genera and three families: Phyllostomidae 43.9%, Vespertilionidae 29.3% and Molossidae 26.8%. In addition, questions were raised regarding the lack of data, including sex, age, circumstances and location of bat capture and incomplete and outdated species identification. Results of genetic and antigenic studies performed on Brazilian rabies positive bats were shown.

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“…Los autores alertaron a la comunidad sobre el serio problema de salud pública que este hallazgo representaba (33). Sin embargo, los casos brasileños de rabia humana por D. rotundus se han descrito en pobladores de la jungla amazónica (15,17,22).…”

Section: Figuraunclassified

Encefalitis rábica humana por mordedura de murciélago en un área urbana de Colombia

2009

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Se presenta el caso de un adolescente con encefalitis rábica adquirida cuatro meses después de ser mordido por un murciélago en el área urbana de Floridablanca (Santander), Colombia. La complejidad de sus manifestaciones clínicas hizo muy difícil confirmar el diagnóstico antes de su muerte, principalmente por su período de incubación y la ausencia de casos similares en áreas diferentes de las selváticas. A pesar de las diversas estrategias terapéuticas, que incluyeron el denominado Protocolo de Milwaukee, el paciente falleció luego de 19 días de evolución y la necropsia confirmó que se trataba de una panencefalitis aguda necrosante de etiología viral rábica. La prueba de inmunofluorescencia directa en tejido cerebral fue positiva, lo mismo que la prueba biológica con ratones. La tipificación viral mostró la variante antigénica 3, cuyo reservorio principal es el vampiro hematófago Desmodus rotundus. Con el reporte de este caso de encefalitis rábica por mordedura de un murciélago, probablemente el primero informado en un área urbana de Colombia y de los pocos en América Latina, alertamos a las autoridades sanitarias y a la comunidad en salud, para aumentar y fortalecer las medidas preventivas en todos los niveles.Palabras clave: encefalitis, rabia, quirópteros, zoonosis, autopsia, Colombia. Human rabies encephalitis by a vampire bat bite in an urban area of ColombiaA case of rabies encephalitis is presented in a teenaged male, which developed four months after a bat bite in the urban area of Floridablanca, Santander Province, Colombia. The complex clinical manifestations prevented the confirmation of an antemortem diagnosis, principally because of the lengthy incubation period and the absence of other similar urban cases. Despite application of several therapies, including the Milwaukee protocol, the patient died 19 days after hospital admission. The autopsy revealed a necrotic, acute, pan-encephalitis of rabies virus etiology. The test of direct immunofluorescence in brain tissue was positive, as well as the biologic test in mice. Serological tests indicated it to be an antigenic variant type 3, whose main reservoir is the hematophagous vampire bat, Desmodus rotundus. This is probably the first case of bat-induced rabies reported in an urban community of Colombia and one of the few in Latin America. Although rabies encephalitis by a bat bite is rare, the case serves as a notice to health authorities and to the medical community to be alert to this risk. La rabia es una zoonosis viral que causa, aproximadamente, 50.000 casos nuevos anualmente en el mundo, o sea, casi uno cada 10 minutos. La mayoría de los casos ocurren en países en desarrollo y los perros son el principal vector en ellos (1). Sin embargo, existen otros

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First report of rabies in vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus) in an urban area, Ubatuba, São Paulo state, Brazil

Cited by 23 publications

References 3 publications

Rabies surveillance in bats in Northwestern State of São Paulo

Rabies surveillance in bats in Northwestern State of São Paulo

Updated list of bat species positive for rabies in Brazil

Encefalitis rábica humana por mordedura de murciélago en un área urbana de Colombia

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