First Report of Plant Growth Promoting Endophytic Bacteria from Medicinal Invasive Plants (Chromolaena odorata)

Abstract

Ki rinyuh (Chromolaena odorata) is one of invasive plants species in Indonesia with potency as traditional medicine. The purpose of this study was to verify the presence of endophytic bacteria symbionts with Chromolaena odorata, and to evaluate the plant-growth promoting properties of endophytic bacteria in producing IAA, producing hydrolytic enzymes (α-amylase, β-amylase, cellulase, chitinase, protease) solubilizing phosphate. Isolation of endophytic bacteria was carried out by surface sterilizing the samples of roots, stems, leaves with 70% alcohol and 2% sodium hypochlorite, followed by direct plating of organ parts (1-2 cm) on top of Trypticase Soy Agar (TSA) medium. Bacterial isolates were differentiated through morphological biochemical characterization. A total of 19 endophytic bacteria were successfully recovered from Chromolaena odorata roots, stems and leaves. Four isolates produced the highest IAA, namely BECA1 (109 ± 0.98 ppm), BECA5 (104.13 ± 0.32 ppm), BECA8 (104.13 ± 0.71 ppm) and BECB3 (83.29 ± 0.47 ppm). Three isolates exhibit the highest phosphate solubilization (+++) namely BECA5, BECA1, BECA8 after 4 days of incubation. Furthermore, BECB3 produced a considerable hydrolytic enzyme activities: β-amylase (+++), α-amylase (++), cellulase (+++), chitinase (++) and protease (+++) compared to other isolates. Our result may provide an insight upon the beneficial interaction by plant-growth promoting endophytic bacteria to support the invasiveness of the plant.

Uncovering the secret weapons of an invasive plant: The endophytic microbes of Anthemis cotula

“…In our study, we were successfully able to isolate 79 OTUs, of which 59 were bacterial and 20 were fungal OTUs. The number of isolates obtained was relatively higher compared to previous studies [ [43] , [44] , [45] ] which could be attributed to the utilization of two isolation techniques (fragmentation and serial dilution). The most abundant bacterial phylum identified was Firmicutes (represented by class Bacilli), accounting for 29.1% of the bacterial isolates.…”

Isolation and enzyme bioprospection of bacteria associated to Bruguiera cylindrica, a mangrove plant of North Sumatra, Indonesia

“…The screening of α-/β-amylase-producing bacteria was done by using a starch medium with a composition of (w/v)/L: starch (10 g for α-amylase and 5 g for β-amylase), yeast extract (1 g), NaCl (18 g), agar (15 g), dissolved in distilled water. Bacterial isolates were spotted on top of the agar medium and incubated at 30 °C for 21, 24, and 27 h to observe hydrolysis rates [ 20 , 21 ]. After incubation, a lugol’s iodine solution (1 g Iodine in 2% KI solution) was poured into agar medium and settled for 10 min, until clear zones were formed around bacterial colonies [ 22 ].…”

“…The screening of proteolytic bacteria was conducted by using skim milk medium with a composition of (w/v) per litre: peptone (4 g), yeast extract (1 g), skim milk (12 g), NaCl (18 g), agar (15 g), dissolved in distilled water [ 20 ]. Bacterial isolates were spotted on top of the agar medium and incubated at 30 °C for 21, 24, and 27 h to observe hydrolysis rates.…”

Endophytic Bacteria and Fungi from Indonesian Medicinal Plants with Antibacterial, Pathogenic Antifungal and Extracellular Enzymes Activities: A Review

“…The endophytic bacteria of the medicinal plant Chromolaena odorata have also been previously studied. Mamangkey et al [20] successfully reported 19 endophytic bacteria isolates from the roots, stems, and leaves of Chromolaena odorata. BECB3 isolates from stems and BECA8 were positive for their ability to produce βamylase, α-amylase, cellulase, chitinase, and proteases.…”

“…Endophytes have an antimicrobial activity that can produce metabolites, such as celastramycins [17], kakadumycins [18], and javanicin [19]. Reports from other previous research further revealed that endophytic bacteria and fungi have extracellular enzyme activity [20,21]. Endophytic bacteria and fungi synthesize extracellular enzymes as a resistance mechanism against disease, which helps to fend off pathogens and obtain food from their host plants.…”