Endophytic Bacteria and Fungi from Indonesian Medicinal Plants with Antibacterial, Pathogenic Antifungal and Extracellular Enzymes Activities: A Review

Abstract

The habitat of endophytic bacteria in plant tissues making it automatically used by plants to protect themselves against pathogenic bacteria. Endophytic bacteria have been applied in various fields, including agriculture, pharmacy, medicine, and biotechnology. This review was carried out to summarize recent studies focusing on the diversity of endophytic bacteria derived from traditional medicinal plants which have antibacterial activity and extracellular enzymes. This article was prepared and written by referring to literature studies collected from books and online journal publication. The literature review of endophytic bacteria focused on Vernonia anthelmintic, Saurauia scaberrinae, and Ki rinyuh (Chromolaena odorata) plants. The results revealed that endophytic bacteria obtained from Vernonia anthelmintic plant is from Micrococcus, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, and Pantoea genus which possess the same biological properties as the host plant, producing antibacterial activity. Saurauia scaberrinae plant successfully isolated endophyte fungus Phoma sp. which produces phomodione (4) and cercosporamide. Phomodione (4) exhibit inhibitory activity against S. aureus, P. ultimum, S. sclerotiorum and R. solani. Cercosporamide exhibits inhibitory activity against S. aureus. Endophytic bacteria were also isolated from Ki rinyuh (Chromolaena odorata), including BECB3, BECB 4, BECA 8, BECA 5, BECA 1, and BECA 10 isolates which have extracellular enzyme activities such as β-amylase, α-amylase, cellulase, chitinase, and protease. Understanding endophytic bacteria in medicinal plants can help researchers apply them effectively.

Endophytic Aspergillii and Penicillii from medicinal plants: a focus on antimicrobial and multidrug resistant pathogens inhibitory activity

“…This remarkable diversity significantly enhanced the likelihood of uncovering novel antibacterial agents (Radić and Strukelj, 2012). Endophytic fungi that produce bioactive chemicals have a wide range of inherent qualities, including anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, antidiabetic, and antibiotic (Ruma et al, 2013;Mamangkey et al, 2022aMamangkey et al, , 2022bMamangkey et al, , 2023. The tabulation of information and reports on several documented Aspergillii and Penicillii originating from medicinal plants can be seen in Table 1.…”

“…Endophytic fungi establish a mutually beneficial relationship with their host plants. They receive food and protection from the host plant, while the plant benefits from increased resistance to both abiotic and biotic stresses (Saikkonen et al, 2015 ; Mamangkey et al, 2022b ).…”

“…Endophytic fungi, residing in plant tissues without causing visible disease symptoms, have garnered signi-ficant attention for their ability to produce various secondary metabolites (Manganyi and Ateba, 2020;Mamangkey et al, 2022a). The natural substances produced by fungal endophytes exhibit a range of biological characteristics, including antimicrobial capabilities (Joo et al, 2021;Mamangkey et al, 2022b). Endophytes have been isolated from all studied plant species, and it is recognized that, among the estimated 300 000 known plant species on Earth, each hosts at least one endophytic resident.…”

Investigating the Antifungal Potential of Genetically Modified Hybrid Chitinase Enzymes Derived from Bacillus subtilis and Serratia marcescens

“…Chitinases hydrolyze chitin polymers into smaller oligosaccharides or monomers, playing a crucial role in various biological processes, including nutrient recycling, plant defense, and pathogen inhibition (Ezeilo et Bacteria are known to produce chitinases with antifungal properties, which have potential applications in agriculture, medicine, and industry. Among these bacteria, Bacillus subtilis and Serratia marcescens have been extensively studied for their ability to produce chitinases with antifungal activity against a range of fungal pathogens (Jendri Mamangkey et al 2022;Dikbaş et al 2023).…”