First Report of Tomato chlorosis virus in Tomato in Costa Rica

Abstract

In early 2007, severe yellowing and chlorosis symptoms were observed in field-grown and greenhouse tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants in Costa Rica. Symptoms resembled those of the genus Crinivirus (family Closteroviridae), and large populations of whiteflies, including the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), were observed in the fields and on symptomatic plants. Total RNA was extracted from silica gel-dried tomato leaf tissue of 47 representative samples (all were from symptomatic plants) using TRI Reagent (Molecular Research Inc., Cincinnati, OH). Reverse transcription (RT)-PCR reactions were performed separately with each of the four primer sets with the Titan One-Tube RT-PCR Kit (Roche Diagnostics Corp., Chicago IL). Specific primers used for the detection of the criniviruses, Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) and Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV), were primer pair ToCV-p22-F (5′-ATGGATCTCACTGGTTGCTTGC-3′) and ToCV-p22-R (5′-TTATATATCACTCCCAAAGAAA-3′) specific for the p22 gene of ToCV RNA1 (1), primer pair ToCVCPmF (5′-TCTGGCAGTACCCGTTCGTGA-3′) and ToCVCPmR (5′-TACCGGCAGTCGTCCCATACC-3′) designed to be specific for the ToCV CPm gene of ToCV RNA2 (GenBank Accession No. AY903448) (2), primer pair ToCVHSP70F (5′-GGCGGTACTTTCGACACTTCTT-3′) and ToCVHSP70R (5′-ATTAACGCGCAAAACCATCTG-3′) designed to be specific for the Hsp70 gene of RNA2 of ToCV (GenBank Accession No. EU284744) (1), and primer pair TICV-CP-F and TICV-CP-R specific for the coat protein gene of TICV (1). Amplified DNA fragments (582 bp) were obtained from nine samples, four from the greenhouse and five from the open field, with the ToCV-p22 specific primers and were cloned into the pCRII TOPO cloning vector (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). Nucleotide sequence analysis of all purified RT-PCR products verified their identity as ToCV, sharing 99.5 to 100% sequence identity among themselves and 96% to 98% sequence identity with previously reported ToCV p22 sequences from Florida (Accession No. AY903447), Spain (Accession No. DQ983480), and Greece (Accession No. EU284745). The presence of ToCV in the samples was confirmed by additional amplification and sequence analysis of the CPm (449-bp fragment) and Hsp70 (420-bp fragment) genes of ToCV RNA2 and sharing 98 to 99% sequence homology to Accession Nos. AY903448 and EU284774, respectively. One representative sequence of the p22 gene of the Costa Rican isolate was deposited at GenBank (Accession No. FJ809714). No PCR products were obtained using either the TICV-specific primers nor from healthy tomato tissue. The ToCV-positive samples were collected from a region in the Central Valley around Cartago, Costa Rica. To our knowledge, this is the first report of ToCV in Costa Rica. The economic impact on tomato has not yet been determined. Studies are underway to determine the incidence of ToCV in Costa Rica field-grown and greenhouse tomatoes. References: (1) A. R. A. Kataya et al. Plant Pathol. 57:819, 2008. (2) W. M. Wintermantel et al. Arch. Virol. 150:2287, 2005.

Detección de crinivirus y begomovirus en plántulas de tomate y arvenses asociadas a semilleros

“…Castro et al, 2009;Nakhla et al, 1994;Barboza et al, 2014Solanum americanum ToCV -Vargas-Asencio et al, 2013 Solanum quitoense ToCV - Vargas-Asencio et al, 2013 Solanum nigrum ToCV - Vargas-Asencio et al, 2013 Capsicum annum ToCV MCLCuV-CR, PepGMV Lotrakul et al, 2000;Vargas et al, 2011 ToCV: virus de la clorosis del tomate, MCLCuV-CR: virus de la clorosis y del enrrollamiento de la hoja de melón-Costa Rica, SPCSV: virus del trastorno clorótico-enano del camote, SPLCV: virus del enrollamiento de la hoja del camote, BPYV: virus del amarillamiento falso de la remolacha, PepGMV: virus del mosaico dorado del chile, EuMV: virus del mosaico de la Euphorbia, BGMV: virus del mosaico dorado del frijol, BGYMV: virus del mosaico dorado amarillo del frijol, CalGMV: virus del mosaico dorado del Calopogonium; SiGMCRV: virus de Costa Rica del mosaico dorado de la Sida, TYMoV: virus del moteado amarillo del tomate, ToLCSinV: virus del enrrollamiento de la hoja de tomate de Sinaloa, TYLCV: virus del amarillamiento y enrollamiento de la hoja de tomate / ToCV: tomato chlorosis virus, MCLCuV-CR: melon chlorotic leaf curl virus-Costa Rica, SPCSV: sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus, SPLCV: sweet potato leaf curl virus, BPYV: beet pseudo-yellows virus, PepGMV: pepper golden mosaic virus, EuMV: Euphorbia mosaic virus, BGMV: bean golden mosaic virus, BGYMV: bean golden yellow mosaic virus, CalGMV: Calopogonium golden mosaic virus, SiGMCRV: sida golden mosaic Costa Rica virus, TYMoV: tomato yellow mottle virus, ToLCSinV: tomato leaf curl Sinaloa virus, TYLCV: tomato yellow leaf curl virus.…”

“…Los crinivirus poseen un genoma bipartito de ARN monocatenario sentido positivo (Liu et al, 2000). Fue descrito por primera vez en Estados Unidos (Wisler et al, 1998), pero hoy en día está presente en Europa, Medio Oriente, África, el Sureste de Asia y América Latina (Navas-Castillo et al, 2011), incluyendo Costa Rica (Castro et al, 2009). Se distingue de otros crinivirus, porque es transmitido por diferentes especies de moscas blancas, tales como Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Bemisia tabaci (anteriormente MED o biotipo Q), B. argentifolii (anteriormente MEAM1 o biotipo B) y B. inconspicua (anteriormente NW o biotipo A) (Navas-Castillo et al, 2000;Wintermantel y Wisler, 2006;Boykin, 2014;Polston et al, 2014).…”

Phylogenetic Characterization of Tomato chlorosis virus Population in Korea: Evidence of Reassortment between Isolates from Different Origins

“…The chlorotic leaf symptom of tomatoes was observed in Florida in 1989, and the virus responsible was first named Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) in the USA ( Wisler et al, 1998b ). Subsequently, this virus has been distributed to many parts of the world including European, American, African and Asian countries ( Abou-Jawdah et al, 2006 ; Accotto et al, 2001 ; Alvarez-Ruiz et al, 2007 ; Arruabarrena et al, 2015 ; Barbosa et al, 2008 ; Bese et al, 2011 ; Castro et al, 2009 ; Çevik and Erkıß, 2008 ; Dalmon et al, 2005 ; Dovas et al, 2002 ; Fiallo-Olivé et al, 2011 ; Hirota et al, 2010 ; Jacquemond et al, 2009 ; Lett et al, 2009 ; Louro et al, 2000 ; Segev et al, 2004 ; Sundaraj et al, 2011 ; Wintermantel et al, 2001 ; Wintermantel and Wisler, 2006 ; Zhao et al, 2013a ). In northeast Asia, ToCV occurrence was originally reported in China, Taiwan and Japan ( Hirota et al, 2010 ; Tsai et al, 2004 ; Zhao et al, 2013b ), but was not reported in Korea until 2013.…”

Bemisia tabaci Biotype Q is present in Costa Rica

“…T. vaporariorum is capable of transmitting viruses such as Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) and Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV), both criniviruses (Wintermantel et al 2008;Wisler and Duffus 2001). In Costa Rica, ToCV was first identified in Cartago in tomato plants sampled during 2007 (Castro et al 2009;Vargas et al unpublished). This disease has significant effects on crop yields, through reduced fruit size and number (Wintermantel et al 2008).…”