First report of <i>Tomato brown rugose fruit virus</i> in tomato in Slovenia

Vučurović, Ana; Brodarič, Jakob; Jakomin, Tjaša; Pecman, Anja; Beloglavec, A. B.; Mehle, Nataša

doi:10.1002/ndr2.12079

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…In Slovenia, ToBRFV RNA was detected in a wastewater sample from 2017 (Bacňik et al, 2020) and then in samples from a river and in samples from rivers and a pond used for crop irrigation in different parts of Slovenia (Supplementary Table 1) before the ToBRFV-infected plants were found (Vucǔrovićet al, 2022). None of the locations where ToBRFV-contaminated water was sampled is close to the location of that finding of ToBRFVinfected plants (Vucǔrovićet al, 2022), which is also the only finding of ToBRFV-infected plants in Slovenia to date. Therefore, the source of water contamination with ToBRFV in Slovenia remains unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tomato brown rugose fruit virus in aqueous environments – survival and significance of water-mediated transmission

Mehle,

Bačnik,

Bajde

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) has recently emerged as a major disease of tomatoes and peppers. ToBRFV is a seed- and contact-transmitted virus. In Slovenia, ToBRFV RNA was detected in samples of wastewater, river, and water used to irrigate plants. Even though the source of detected RNA could not be clearly established, this raised the question of the significance of the detection of ToBRFV in water samples and experimental studies were performed to address this question. The data presented here confirm that the release of virus particles from the roots of infected plants is a source of infectious ToBRFV particles in water and that the virus can remain infective up to four weeks in water stored at room temperature, while its RNA can be detected for much longer. These data also indicate that irrigation with ToBRFV-contaminated water can lead to plant infection. In addition, it has been shown that ToBRFV circulated in drain water in commercial tomato greenhouses from other European countries and that an outbreak of ToBRFV can be detected by regular monitoring of drain water. A simple method for concentrating ToBRFV from water samples and a comparison of the sensitivity of different methods, including the determination of the highest ToBRFV dilution still capable of infecting test plants, were also investigated. The results of our studies fill the knowledge gaps in the epidemiology and diagnosis of ToBRFV, by studying the role of water-mediated transmission, and provide a reliable risk assessment to identify critical points for monitoring and control.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tomato brown rugose fruit virus in aqueous environments – survival and significance of water-mediated transmission

Mehle,

Bačnik,

Bajde

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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“…In 2018, ToBRFV was also detected on grafted tomato plants in a greenhouse in Southern California and a greenhouse facility in Baja California, Mexico (99), but the virus was completely eradicated by the destruction of all infected plants. Since then, ToBRFV has been reported in tomato in the State of Palestine (4), Italy (121), Germany (109), China (104,150), Turkey (63), England (139), Egypt (6), Greece (13), Canada (138), the Netherlands (145), Spain (3), Florida (28), Norway (72), Iran (62,68), Saudi Arabia (132), Central Slovenia (148), France (141), Syria (74), Switzerland (107), and Albania (115). In Egypt, although ToBRFV was detected for the first time in tomato samples during a research study (6), the National Plant Protection Organization of Egypt considered the results of that study to be unreliable and officially confirmed the absence of the virus in Egypt (43).…”

Section: Discovery and Worldwide Distributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ToBRFV has been detected by high-throughput sequencing (HTS) in wastewater in Slovenia, where the virus had not been officially reported at the time of detection, thus raising concerns about its origin, the probability of unnoticed presence, and the possibility of its water-mediated transmission (11). A year later, ToBRFV was detected in tomato plants growing in a greenhouse producing fresh tomatoes in Central Slovenia (148). This suggests that there is a potential risk in the use of reclaimed water for irrigation, as it could be a transmission source of plant viruses, including ToBRFV; however, further analyses on the virus stability in water and the relation to dilution in irrigation water versus infectivity are needed before obtaining a realistic picture of the risks associated to the use of contaminated waters.…”

Section: Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus Pandemic

Salem

Jewehan

Aranda

et al. 2023

Annu. Rev. Phytopathol.

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Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) is an emerging tobamovirus. It was first reported in 2015 in Jordan in greenhouse tomatoes and now threatens tomato and pepper crops around the world. ToBRFV is a stable and highly infectious virus that is easily transmitted by mechanical means and via seeds, which enables it to spread locally and over long distances. The ability of ToBRFV to infect tomato plants harboring the commonly deployed Tm resistance genes, as well as pepper plants harboring the L resistance alleles under certain conditions, limits the ability to prevent damage from the virus. The fruit production and quality of ToBRFV-infected tomato and pepper plants can be drastically affected, thus significantly impacting their market value. Herein, we review the current information and discuss the latest areas of research on this virus, which include its discovery and distribution, epidemiology, detection, and prevention and control measures, that could help mitigate the ToBRFV disease pandemic. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Phytopathology, Volume 61 is September 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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“…The virus caused an outbreak on tomato plants in Israel in 2014 [2]. ToBRFV has been reported from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) [1,[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19], pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) [20][21][22][23], and weed hosts [24] in 35 countries [25], and has been causing devastating disease outbreaks in tomato production areas [26][27][28][29]. In fact, based on the Statistica report for 2020, tomato accounts for 16% of the global vegetable production [30] and is one of the most important vegetable crops in the world [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Models for Quantification of Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus Based on a Bioassay Using a Local Lesion Host

Zarghani

Monavari

Ehlers

et al. 2022

Plants

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Considering the availability of serological and molecular biological methods, the bioassay has been paled into insignificance, although it is the only experimental method that can be used to demonstrate the infectivity of a virus. We compared goodness-of-fit and predictability power of five models for the quantification of tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV) based on local lesion assays: the Kleczkowski model, Furumoto and Mickey models I and II, the Gokhale and Bald model (growth curve model), and the modified Poisson model. For this purpose, mechanical inoculations onto Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Xanthi nc and N. glutionosa L. with defined virus concentrations were first performed with half-leaf randomization in a Latin square design. Subsequently, models were implemented using Python software and fitted to the number of local lesions. All models could fit to the data for quantifying ToBRFV based on local lesions, among which the modified Poisson model had the best prediction of virus concentration in spike samples based on local lesions, although data of individual indicator plants showed variations. More accurate modeling was obtained from the test plant N. glutinosa than from N. tabacum cv. Xanthi nc. The position of the half-leaves on the test plants had no significant effect on the number of local lesions.

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First report of Tomato brown rugose fruit virus in tomato in Slovenia

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

Tomato brown rugose fruit virus in aqueous environments – survival and significance of water-mediated transmission

Tomato brown rugose fruit virus in aqueous environments – survival and significance of water-mediated transmission

Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus Pandemic

Comparison of Models for Quantification of Tomato Brown Rugose Fruit Virus Based on a Bioassay Using a Local Lesion Host

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