First Report of <i>Neofusicoccum parvum</i> causing Rubber Tree Leaf Spot in China

Liu, Y. X.; Shi, Y. P.; Deng, Yue; Li, L. L.; Dai, Liming; Cai, Z. Y.

doi:10.1094/pdis-02-17-0287-pdn

Cited by 6 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 2 publications

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“…In China, N. parvum has also been reported from a wide range of hosts including Cupressus funebris (Li et al 2010 ), Eriobotrya japonica (Zhai and Zhang 2019 ), Eucalyptus spp. (Chen et al 2011 ), Koelreuteria paniculata (Fang et al 2019 ), Hevea brasiliensis (Liu et al 2017 ) and Juglans regia (Yu et al 2015 ) and in these cases, from sub-tropical and tropical zones. Neofusicoccum kwambonambiense was first reported from Syzygium cordatum (Myrtaceae) in South Africa (Pavlic et al 2009a ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in Botryosphaeriaceae from Eucalyptus plantations in YunNan Province in southwestern China across a climatic gradient

Slippers

Wingfield

et al. 2020

IMA Fungus

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The Botryosphaeriaceae accommodates many important pathogens of woody plants, including Eucalyptus. Recently, Botryosphaeriaceae were isolated from diseased plant parts from surveys of Eucalyptus plantations in the YunNan Province, China. The aims of this study were to identify these Botryosphaeriaceae isolates and to evaluate their pathogenicity to Eucalyptus. A total of 166 isolates of Botryosphaeriaceae were obtained from six regions in the YunNan Province, of which 76 were from Eucalyptus urophylla × E. grandis hybrids, 49 from E. globulus trees, and 41 isolates were from other unknown Eucalyptus species or hybrids. Isolates were identified by comparing DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacer ribosomal RNA locus (ITS), partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1), β-tubulin 2 (tub2) and DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit (rpb2) genes, and combined with their morphological characteristics. Eleven species were identified, including Botryosphaeria fusispora, B. wangensis, Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, Neofusicoccum kwambonambiense, N. parvum, and six novel species described as B. puerensis, N. dianense, N. magniconidium, N. ningerense, N. parviconidium and N. yunnanense. The dominant species across the regions were N. yunnanense, N. parvum and B. wangensis, representing 31.3, 25.3 and 19.9% of the total isolates, respectively. Species diversity and composition changed across the different climatic zones, despite their relatively close geographic proximity and the fact that some of the species have a global distribution. All the Botryosphaeriaceae species were pathogenic to one-year-old plants of an E. urophylla × E. grandis clone and E. globulus seed-derived plants, but showed significant inter- and intra-species variation in aggressiveness amongst isolates. The study provides a foundation for monitoring and management of Botryosphaeriaceae through selection and breeding of Eucalyptus in the YunNan Province of southwestern China.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in Botryosphaeriaceae from Eucalyptus plantations in YunNan Province in southwestern China across a climatic gradient

Slippers

Wingfield

et al. 2020

IMA Fungus

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Bioprospecting for secondary metabolites of family Botryosphaeriaceae from a biotechnological perspective

Kumar

2020

New and Future Developments in Microbial Biotechnology and Bioengineering

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First Report of Neofusicoccum parvum Causing Leaf Spot on Geodorum eulophioides in China

Yang

et al. 2021

Plant Disease

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Geodorum eulophioides Schltr. is a critically endangered orchid listed in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of threatened species. At present, only two natural populations were found in China. It has important scientific and ornamental values because of its uniqueness. During the summer of 2019, a black leaf spot disease occurred on G. eulophioides, in Yachang Orchid National Nature Reserve (E106°13′32″，N24°44′19″) in Guangxi province, China. More than 60% of leaves of these plants were infected. The disease symptoms initially appeared as small yellow circular spots, which enlarged into irregular brown spots (6 to 9 cm length and 3 to 5 cm width). In later stages of the disease development, the center of the spots became dark brown with a clear edge and surrounded by a yellow halo. In severe infections, the spots coalesced covering the entire leaf. Six symptomatic leaves were collected from three infected plants, surface sterilized in 75% ethanol for 15 s and 0.1% HgCl2 for 4 min, and subsequently washed three times with sterile water, then plated onto potato dextrose agar (PDA), and incubated at 28℃ for three days. Eighteen fungal cultures with similar morphological characteristics were obtained from the infected tissues. Colonies were initially white, then turned dark grey after nine days. To induce sporulation, isolates were grown on 2% water agar and incubated under UVA light at 28℃ for nine days. Three isolates were selected for morphological characterization. Conidia were hyaline, unicellular, nonseptate, ellipsoidal to fusiform, externally smooth, thin-walled, and ranged from 10.7 to 16.6 μm (avg. 13.8 μm) × 4.1 to 6.7 μm (avg. 5.1 μm) (n=50). The isolate DBL-1 was selected as a representative for molecular identification. Genomic DNA was extracted and used for PCR to amplify the rDNA internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), translation elongation factor 1-alpha gene (EF1-α), and beta-tubulin gene (TUB2), using the primer pairs ITS1/ITS4 (White et al., 1990), EF1-728F/EF1-986R（Alves et al. 2008；Carbone & Kohn, 1999）, and T1/T2 (O’Donnell et al., 1997), respectively. The obtained ITS sequence (GenBank Accession No. MN918440), EF1-α sequence (MN963815), and TUB2 sequence (MN963816) showed >99% homology with several GenBank sequences of Neofusicoccum parvum (JX513636, KU997497 for ITS, KU997261, MH252401 for EF1-α, and KJ841779, MK412882 for TUB2, respectively). Based on morphological characteristics of the asexual morph and maximum likelihood analyses of a combined rDNA-ITS, EF1-α and TUB2 gene sequences, was identified as N. parvum. Pathogenicity test was performed using isolate DBL-1 by inoculating 3 leaves of G. eulophioides plants. The test was repeated three times. Each leaf was wounded using a sterile needle, and a mycelial plug (6 mm diameter) harvested from the periphery of a 3-day-old colony grown on PDA was placed on each wound. Plants were then covered with plastic bags to maintain high relative humidity of 90% and kept at 28℃ in a greenhouse under natural daylight conditions. An equal number of leaves on the same plant were inoculated using sterile PDA plugs and served as mock inoculated controls. After three days, all the inoculated leaves showed black spot symptoms resembling those observed in the field, whereas controls remained symptomless. The fungus was re-isolated from the symptomatic leaves, thus completing Koch’s postulates. N. parvum has been reported to cause leaf spot disease on Myristica fragrans (Jayakumar, et al., 2011), Ginkgo biloba (Mirhosseini, et al., 2014), Vitis heyneana (Wu, et al., 2015), and Hevea brasiliensis (Liu et al., 2017), respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of N. parvum causing leaf spot disease on G. eulophioides in China. The disease control measures and in-situ conservation method need to be strengthened to protect this rare species.

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First Report of Neofusicoccum parvum causing Rubber Tree Leaf Spot in China

Cited by 6 publications

References 2 publications

Variation in Botryosphaeriaceae from Eucalyptus plantations in YunNan Province in southwestern China across a climatic gradient

Variation in Botryosphaeriaceae from Eucalyptus plantations in YunNan Province in southwestern China across a climatic gradient

Bioprospecting for secondary metabolites of family Botryosphaeriaceae from a biotechnological perspective

First Report of Neofusicoccum parvum Causing Leaf Spot on Geodorum eulophioides in China

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