First Report of Macrophomina phaseolina Causing Trunk and Cordon Canker Disease of Grapevine in the United States

Abstract

California's 2016 grape acreage totaled 897,000 acres. Of the total grape acreage, 841,000 were bearing while 56,000 were nonbearing. The wine-type grape acreage is estimated at 602,000 acres, with 560,000 bearing and 42,000 non-bearing. Table-type grape acreage totaled 123,000 acres, with 111,000 bearing and 12,000 non-bearing. Acreage of raisin-type grapes totaled 172,000 acres, with 170,000 bearing and 2,000 non-bearing. The leading wine-type varieties continued to be Chardonnay and Cabernet Sauvignon. Flame Seedless was the leading table-type grape variety. Thompson Seedless continued to be the leading raisin-type variety and utilized for raisins, fresh market, concentrate, and wine. * indicates the published name includes more than one variety name The detailed CALIFORNIA GRAPE ACREAGE REPORT, 2016 CROP entire bulletin, as well as individual tables, will be available free-of-charge at www.nass.usda.gov/ca

Diversity of Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with canker and dieback of avocado (Persea americana) in Italy

“…This pathogen causes charcoal rot of soybean (Sarr et al, 2014), chickpea (Dell'Olmo et al, 2022, sunflower (Bokor, 2007), sorghum (Sharma et al, 2014), and strawberry (Koike, 2008). It has also been reported to cause diseases on woody hosts, such as grapevine (González and Tello, 2011;Nouri et al, 2018), olive (Sergeeva et al, 2005), pistachio (Nouri et al, 2020), and almond (Inderbitzin et al, 2010). Macrophomina phaseolina was thought to be one of the pathogens causing avocado root rot in Australia (Poudel et al, 2021), but it has not been recorded as causing canker on this host.…”

Macrophomina Crown and Root Rot of Pistachio in California

“…Macrophomina phaseolina has been reported only sporadically as a pathogen of perennial woody crops. It is known to affect grapevine in Australia, Iran, South Africa, Spain, and California [27][28][29] and olive in Australia [30]. In California, M. phaseolina has also been reported from almond cankers [31].…”

Fungal species associated with grapevine trunk diseases in Washington wine grapes and California table grapes, with novelties in the genera Cadophora, Cytospora, and Sporocadus

“…Nonetheless, these approaches have enriched our understanding of fungal communities inhabiting grapevine as it relates to trunk diseases, either by comparing fungal community profiles over time (Kraus et al, 2019), among vines from different production areas (U ́rbez- Torres et al, 2012), between symptomatic or asymptomatic plants (Hofstetter et al, 2012), or grown under different viticultural practices (Travadon et al, 2016). With physical culture collections, population genetics and genomics analyses can be conducted (Peŕos and Berger, 1999;Smetham et al, 2010;Travadon et al, 2012;Gramaje et al, 2013;Onetto et al, 2022), the p a t h o g e n i c i t y o f f u n g a l i s o l a t e s c a n b e a s s e s s e d experimentally (Cloete et al, 2015;Lawrence et al, 2015;Travadon and Baumgartner, 2015;Baloyi et al, 2018), interactions between species can be evaluated under controlled conditions (Lawrence et al, 2018b;Silva-Valderrama et al, 2021), and molecular databases including the ecological guild of species can be built (Lawrence et al, 2017b). Further, new pathogenic species can be described and linked with type specimens deposited in public repositories (Travadon et al, 2015;Lawrence et al, 2017a;Moyo et al, 2018;Kraus et al, 2020).…”

“…Among western North American viticulture regions, the fungal species causing grapevine trunk diseases have been examined primarily in California. Eleven species within the Diatrypaceae ( Trouillas et al., 2010 ) and 15 species within the Botryosphaeriaceae ( Úrbez-Torres et al., 2006 ; Úrbez-Torres, 2011 ; Rolshausen et al., 2013 ; Nouri et al., 2018 ) have been isolated from grapevine cankers, and their pathogenicity has been examined ( Úrbez-Torres and Gubler, 2009 ; Trouillas and Gubler, 2010 ). Regarding the fungi associated with Petri disease and esca, Cadophora luteo-olivacea , Cadophora melinii , Fomitiporia polymorpha , Inonotus vitis , Phaeoacremonium fraxinopennsylvanicum , Phaeoacremonium inflatipes , Phaeoacremonium minimum , Phaeoacremonium viticola , and Phaeomoniella chlamydospora have all been isolated from symptomatic grapevines and are confirmed pathogenic ( Scheck et al., 1998 ; Eskalen et al., 2005a ; Eskalen et al., 2005b ; Travadon et al., 2015 ; Brown et al., 2020 ).…”